Students will explain how the role of the US and new technology impacted WWI.

New Technology and US in the War WWI Pt 2 New Technology and US in the War

New Technology Lots of new technology and new weapons were used during WWI that changed the way wars were fought Mechanization of warfare for WWI lead to cheaper, faster production of weapons Mechanization- using machines to build Used mass production to make weapons More deadly weapons, faster, cheaper

New Technology New weapons made it easier to defend than to attack Weapons- machine guns, flamethrowers, grenades, artillery shells, razor wire, poison gas Transportation- tanks, battleships, submarines (U-boats), zeppelins (blimps), airplanes Medical technology- blood transfusions, typhoid vaccine- fewer deaths than would have been without it

Flame Throwers Barbed Wire Grenade Launchers Machine Guns WWI Technologies Flame Throwers Barbed Wire Grenade Launchers Machine Guns

Artillery Poison Gas and gas masks Submarines (uboats)

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats How effective were the German U-Boats in accomplishing their mission?

Air Power WWI – Types 1st war where air power played a tactical role Observation Balloons Zeppelins Air Planes

The Flying Aces of World War I Dogfights – close range aerial combat Aces – an aviator who shoots down 5 or more enemy aircraft Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Eddie Rickenbacher, US

Effects of New Technology New, deadly weapons Trench warfare Stalemate Tanks to end stalemate All these new weapons led to a defensive war- TRENCH WARFARE WWI very slow b/c all defensive, little offense/attacking All Quiet on the Western Front New weapons made it impossible to advance/invade- stalemate “No man’s land” = land in between trenches, deadly Solution: Tanks- used to get past trenches and through “no-man’s land” to end the stalemate and advance the war How did the new weapons lead to trench warfare?

The space between the two trenches. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” The space between the two trenches.

How a Trench was supposed to look How a Trench actually looked

Tanks go over trenches

The Home front Home front- what is going on back in the US during the war; how US citizens supported the war Liberty Bonds- citizens bought bonds to help pay for the war Government would repay with interest after war Raised $20 billion to pay for the war Citizens voluntarily bought bonds, rationed (limited) important foods and items, and volunteered to help the war effort US government put out lots of propaganda to convince the American people to support the war Selective Service Act- drafted men ages 21-30 to fight in the war Draft- required military service 2.8 million drafted by end of war Used for other wars also

First used in 1916

US in the War US enters WWI in April 1917 US entry turned tide of war in favor or Allied Powers Battle of the Argonne Forest – 1918- in France near Belgium-- Final and most important battle for AEF Highly defended by Germans General John J. Pershing- led American Expeditionary Force (AEF- the US armed forces in WWI) Pershing led 600,000 inexperienced soldiers; got past defenses and beat the Germans

US in the War Alvin York- famous soldier; killed 25 and captured 132 German soldiers; Most decorated US soldier in WWI – received the Medal of Honor US didn’t fight in a lot of battles, but threat of “never ending” soldiers, supplies, and weapons from US scares Central powers Argonne Forrest led to ARMISTICE (agreement to stop fighting)- Nov. 11, 1918 (now-- Veteran’s Day) Now we need a treaty to officially end it Why was the threat of new troops and supplies discouraging to the Central Powers?

General John J. Pershing Alvin C. York

STAAR PRACTICE (AGAIN) General John J. Pershing made a major contribution to the Allied victory in World War I by Transforming inexperienced troops into effective military force Developing advanced technologies for battlefield use Requesting humanitarian aid from Congress for war-torn countries Negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

STAAR PRACTICE (AGAIN) General John J. Pershing mad a major contribution to the Allied victory in World War I by Transforming inexperienced troops into effective military force Developing advanced technologies for battlefield use Requesting humanitarian aid from Congress for war-torn countries Negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

How did new weapons impact the type of warfare in WWI? Big Ideas How did new weapons impact the type of warfare in WWI?