Homework: 2018 Q (p12 of booklet) Complete the following questions, using exam structure. 1. Past paper Booklet: Page 7 Explain Q2 on rationing "Explain the reasons why rationing was introduced during the Great War" - 6 marks 2. Past paper Booklet: Page 12 How Fully Question 1 on DORA - 5 marks The How fully Question is also included in the PowerPoint attachment on SMHW

Great War: Domestic Impact Conscription and Conscientious Objectors

We are learning to… Define conscription Explain how conscientious objectors were treated I can… Take detailed notes & answer questions Answer a N5 Q on conscription & conchies

Background… As we know, many men volunteered to join the army by Xmas 1914 The government also started a recruitment drive, to encourage men to join up to the army By 1916, huge casualties and the Somme offensive had led to a reduction in volunteers The film War Game shows eager volunteers in 1914

MILITARY SERVICE ACT January 1916 Meant that all unmarried men 18-41 HAD to join the army It was later changed to include married men in July 1918 This is called CONSCRIPTION

Exemptions to Conscription Not all men were forced to join the army there were exemptions: Physical or mental impairment Work of national importance e.g. coal miners, skilled farm workers, police officer Conscience, conscientious objectors (conchies) who objected on moral/political ( e.g. a socialist/pacifist) or religious grounds( e.g. a pacifist religion such as Quakers)

Conchies Those wishing to avoid military service had to appear before a military tribunal to prove their case; most cases were unsuccesful 16,000 men in the UK objected to fighting, around 7,000 conchies agreed to join the army in non-combat duties e.g. stretcher bearers, ambulance drivers. Alternativists did non-military work of national importance e.g. farming or coal mining, a hard, dirty and dangerous job. 1,500 Absolutists refused all military service and were sentenced to military prison and hard labour, at least 73 died in prison.

Treatment of Conchies Many conchies were given the white feather by Suffragettes, a symbol of cowardice Absolutists were put before a military court and often sentenced to death (although none of these sentences were carried out) Many were sent to prison or internment camps like Dyce in Aberdeen The families of ‘conchies’ suffered too, many were ostracised from society, refused service in shops etc. Some conchies were not released till August 1919 showing the depth of ill feeling towards them still. Even when released after the war many conchies found it hard to get work.

Dyce Camp, Aberdeenshire Opened in late 1916, Dyce Camp near Aberdeen was made up of 250 conscientious objectors Their punishment was to break rocks in a granite quarry The objectors were drawn from all walks of life: teachers, academics, shopkeepers and labourers. They were mainly well educated and articulate - and even set up their own camp newspaper, The Granite Echo. Living conditions at the camp were basic and many of the men were unused to hard labour. But when one of the objectors, Walter Roberts from near Stockport, died of pneumonia, Dyce Camp came to wider attention. The other men stepped up a letter writing campaign complaining about the conditions. There were visits to the camp by a Home Office committee and by future Labour prime minister Ramsay McDonald. On the 19th of October, following a debate in Parliament, it was announced that Dyce camp would close. Barely two months after their arrival, the conscientious objectors were dispersed to prisons across Britain to complete their sentences.

HW Task Flash Cards Take photos of the following slides and make flash cards for revision

Vocabulary Conscription – Military service (compulsory army service) introduced in 1916 Conscientious objector – someone who refused to fight on moral/ religious grounds Non-combatant – duties not related to violence/ fighting

How Fully 2014 (p13 of booklet) 6 marks