CHAPTER 16 WORLD WAR LOOMS MR. ALLEN

SECTION 16.1 DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE The rise of rulers with total power in Europe and Asia led to WW2 Dictators of the 30s and 40s have made world leaders especially watchful for the actions of dictators today

Nationalism – Loyalty to ones country above all else Fueled territorial expansion and dictator’s rise to power Totalitarianism – A government that exerts complete control over it’s citizens. Individuals have no rights.

Joseph Stalin – “Man of Steel” After Lennon died, Stalin took over, attempting to create a modern communist state Transformed Soviet Union from a backward nation to an industrial power Nationalized industries-farms and factories Many estimated that Stalin was responsible for the deaths of 8 to 13 million people

Benito Mussolini – Italian Fascist Unemployment and inflation sowed chaos in Italy-Mussolini rose to power Fascism – Stressed Nationalism and placed the interest of the state above others “Made the trains run on time”

The Nazis take over Germany Adolf Hitler was a powerful public speaker that became the leader of the Nazi party Born in Austria, he believed in reuniting all German-speaking people of the world Purification- Germans formed a “master race” that was destined to rule the world.

Hitler Takes Control In 1933 Hitler ws appointed chancellor and immediately dismantled Germany’s government Great Depression had some 6 million Germans unemployed, Hitler rose to power vowing to combat this Fueled by militarism and expansionism, Hitler put people to work

Militarists Gain Control Military leaders were taking over the imperial government of Japan More living space for a growing people Invades Manchuria

CHAPTER 16.2 WAR IN EUROPE Hitler’s actions started WW2 and still serve as a warning to be vigilant about a totalitarian government Appeasement – The giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.

AUSTRIA AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA FALL To prosper, Hitler told his generals, Germany needed the land of its neighbors Austria and Czechoslovakia were to be absorbed into the Third Reich Most Austrians were Germans. Hitler marched in unopposed

Turn to a partner Bargaining for the Sudetenland-about 3 million German-Speaking people lived in the Western border of Czechoslovakia. Hitler charges the Czechs with abusing Germans

WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Hitler invited the world leaders to discuss the Czech issue. He claimed that there was abuse of Germans, and that this would be his last territorial demand. You are Britain and you have to choose peace or war. However, you have just barely recovered from WW1. Do you choose to sign the treaty?

“Peace in our Time” Neville Chamberlin and Daladier chose to believe Hitler and sign the Munich Agreement Czechoslovakia's vast armaments go to Germany without a fight German troops pour into CZ,

The Soviet union wants to expand as well Stalin and Hitler sign a non-aggression pact Germany declares war on Poland Blitzkrieg – Made use of advances in military tech to take the enemy by surprise with quick advances.

FRANCE AND BRITAIN DECLARE WAR FRANCE QUICKLY FALLS, THANKS TO NEW MEANS OF WAR BATTLE OF BRITAIN BEGINS CHURCHILL – “We shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be”

Section 16.3 -The Holocaust During the Holocaust, the Nazis systematically executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans” “Work Makes one Free” – Gates of Auschwitz

How it Started 1933 Jews denied public jobs and Jewish businesses boycotted Nuremberg Laws defined Jews by thereligious affiliation of Grandparents The Kristallnacht “ Night of Broken Glass” November 9, 1938 Jewish Homes & Businesses attacked and destroyed across Germany

This sign says “Germans! Defend Yourselves! Do not buy from Jews!”

Refugees Hitler favored immigration out of GR France accepted 25,000 British accepted 80,000 Latin America 40,000 U.S. 100,000 – The St. Louis All refused Jews

Hitler’s “Final Solution” Genocide – The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population The Condemned-Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Homosexuals Forced relocation into Ghettos

Meeting in Berlin on January 20, 1942 to plan the execution of Hitler’s “Final Solution.” Execution/ concentration camps locatedmainly in Germany & Poland Camps located near railroad lines Used cyanide gas as primary murder weapon

Auschwitz - Poland

CONCENTRATION CAMPS GERMANS EFFICIENT LABOR CAMPS SYSTEMATIC EXTERMINATION GAS CHAMBERS-Bullets to expensive

THE HOLOCAUST 6 MILLION JEWS MURDERED 12,000 killed a day in gas chambers 11 million lives lost

LECTURE 16.4 AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR