Introduction to Christianity

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Christianity

Who is a Christian? Anyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ (note: “the”. Christ means “Anointed One”. It’s a title, not a name.) Many denominations like: Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Baptist, United, Mennonite, Anglican, Lutheran, Salvation Army, etc Approximately one third of Earth’s population

Jesus (c.4 BCE – c. 30-33 CE) Son of Mary, and believed by Christians and Muslims to be born of immaculate conception, after Holy Spirit blessed Mary According to Christians, Jesus is the Messiah promised in the Torah. (Jews do not agree on this point) Saviour – Salvation comes through Jesus’ sacrifice (connected to covenant with God from Judaism) Dual Nature - Human and Divine

Jesus cont’d Fulfillment of prophecy Virgin birth Line of David Bethlehem Started teaching in late twenties/early thirties, died at 33

Jesus cont’d Death and Resurrection Christians believe Jesus was crucified, died, and miraculously came back to life three days later (Muslims do not agree on this point) This self-sacrifice is seen as a cleansing of all of humanity’s sins.

Saul of Tarsus/Paul (c. 5- c.67, CE) Arguably second most important person in Christianity, after Jesus Was a Jew and a Roman, whose job it was to persecute Christians One day, on the road to Damascus, had a vision of Jesus, demanding to know why Saul was persecuting him He converted, changed his name to Paul, and started spreading gospel and building churches in 30s to 50s CE Many books of the Bible are his letters to those new churches: Romans, Corinthians I and II, Galatians, Ephesians and 9 others Responsible for bringing Christianity to non- Jews (Gentiles)

Where did Christianity start? Originated in present day Israel and the disputed Palestinian territories.

Nicene Creed What do Christians believe? Nicene Creed sums it up (What follows is from the Catholic catechism. There are other versions, depending on the sect. Dates to about 325 CE.): We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father [the only-begotten; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God], Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; By whom all things were made [both in heaven and on earth] Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and was incarnate and was made man; He suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead Whose kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy Ghost. In one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. [But those who say: 'There was a time when he was not;' and 'He was not before he was made;' and 'He was made out of nothing,' or 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or 'The Son of God is created,' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable'—they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.]

The 5 W’s of Christianity (“What” cont’d) Beliefs first codified by the Council of Nicea in 325 CE. Council of Nicea established: One unified church Which books were to be included in Bible (before that point, there were several conflicting accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings. Those not accepted as gospel are now referred to as “apocrypha”). Concept of Holy Trinity

Gospels Gospels (accounts of Jesus’ life) form the heart of Christian Bible. Synoptic (one view) Gospels have many similarities, and may have used each other as sources Synoptic Gospels (dates are a source of debate): Mark c. 68-73 CE Matthew c. 70-100 CE Luke c. 80-100 CE John c. 90-100 CE (not synoptic, because there are many details here that don’t show up elsewhere)

Trinity

Sermon on the Mount Central teaching, and possibly one of the most famous speeches in the Christian tradition. Video