drugs Jan 2018

1/30 Objective: Compare and contrast psychological and physical dependence DMA: Brainstorm a list of drugs with your group. Put a star next to the ones you think are most prevalent in our community.

Drug- a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects.

The costs of abusing drugs in the U.S. : $740 billion annually (crime, lost work productivity and health care.)

Overall, overdose deaths rose 11 percent last year (2015), to 52,404. By comparison, the number of people who died in car crashes was 37,757, an increase of 12 percent.  Gun deaths, including homicides and suicides, totaled 36,252, up 7 percent.

Drug Dependence: Factors Drug Aspects Nature of the Drug How the Drug gets into the Body. Individual metabolism rate Non-Drug Aspects Personality of the User. Individual Expectations about the Drug Societal Attitude and/or Response Setting of Drug Use.

Psychological Dependence emotional addiction, a compulsion or perceived need to use. Ex: someone thinking they need to smoke marijuana to fall asleep.

Psychological Dependence Arise from an individual’s desire: Create a sense of well being Escape from reality. Relief from personal problems Sustain a physical and emotional state that improve level of performance Creates a conditional pattern of drug abuse

Psychological Dependence Different Drugs have different intensities for psychological dependence. Table 5.1 on page 154 has a list of high and low psychological dependency. High: Heroin, Alcohol Low: Marijuana, Caffeine

Physical Dependence: Physical need for a drug brought about by its regular use and characterized by withdrawal sickness when not taken.

Physical Dependence Physiological change occurs with specific drugs depending on the dose and frequency of use. Must adhere to a regular schedule of use Interval short enough that the effect of the drug does not wear off. Alcohol = daily use in large quantities Heroin = 6-8 hours between doses. Leads to Withdrawal symptoms. Narcotics and Depressants have physical dependcne.

Social Impacts: drug dependence is directly related to the extent to which the user has become preoccupied with the drug. Personal health Economic consequences Personal relationships Family obligations

If the drug impacts society in negative ways, there will be more regulation and laws controlling it.

Drug-Control Laws The U.S. federal law known as the Controlled Substances Act is a legal drug-classification system created to prevent and control drug abuse. This federal law establishes five schedules of classification for controlled dangerous substances on the basis of a drug’s potential for abuse potential for physical and psychological dependence medical value

Schedules of Classification Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and have no currently accepted medical use. Examples are heroin, marijuana, methaqualone, and LSD. Criminal penalties (1st time offense for individual trafficking) are 0-20 years/$1 million (Trafficking = buying/selling drugs illegally)

Schedules of Classification Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse and have medical use with severe restrictions. Examples are cocaine, PCP, and most amphetamine and barbiturate prescriptions. Criminal penalties (1st time offense for individual trafficking) are 0-20 years/$1 million

Schedules of Classification Schedule III drugs have less potential for abuse and a currently accepted medical use Examples include all barbiturate prescriptions not covered under Schedule II, such as codeine and anabolic steroids. Criminal penalties (1st time offense for individual trafficking) are 0-5 years/$250,000

Schedules of Classification Schedule IV drugs have a low potential for abuse and have a current medical use. Examples include Darvon, phenobarbital, and some tranquilizers such as diazepam (valium) and chlordiazepoxide (librium). Criminal penalties (1st time offense for individual trafficking) are 0-3 years/$250,000

Schedules of Classification Schedule V drugs must show low abuse potential and have medical use. Examples include opiate drug mixtures that contain nonnarcotic medicinal ingredients, like 200 mg acetaminophen-codeine preparations Criminal penalties (1st time offense for individual trafficking) are 0-1 years/$100,000