Unit 2 - Chapter 3 Early Humans: From Hunters & Gatherers to Farming

Flocabulary – We’re Nomadic Listen to the song “We’re Nomadic” by Flocabulary https://youtu.be/8fses-UKjpo and finish the lyrics.

Important Vocabulary Enabled Neolithic Age Catal Hoyuk Agriculture Efficiently resources Paleolithic Fertile Crescent Domesticate Nomads Trade

Big Idea #1 – Humans discovered farming towards the end of the Stone Age

The Stone Age Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Neolithic (New Stone Age) From around 8000 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E. The beginning of farming and producing food. Still made tools with stone. Many settlements were located along the Fertile Crescent. Started around 2 million years ago with the first tool-making hominids. Lasted until around 8000 B.C.E with the emerging modern humans. Nomads – Hunters (animals) & Gatherers (plants) who move from place to place. Often, took shelter in caves No stable food supply

Big Idea #2 - Humans began creating stable food supplies

Two Developments Domesticated Animals Agriculture People went from hunting animals to herding them. Before long, these animals became domesticated or tamed for human use. Animals provided meat, milk, clothing and shelter. They also provided a source of transportation. People began to realize that they could plant seeds and grow their own food. They probably learned this by observing how plants began to grow on their own. With this new knowledge, people could stay in one place and grow grains and vegetables.

Big Idea #3 – People develop permanent shelters

Homes Nomads went from temporary tents or caves to permanent structures made from packed mud brick. People added stones and branches to strengthen the walls. Floors were used for food & water storage and for cooking pits. Permanent homes provided protection and the opportunity to settle.

Big Idea #3 - Villages begin to grow The Fertile Crescent was an arc-shaped region in Southwest Asia with rich soil. With such rich resources, villages started growing as farming allowed people to stay in one place. Since they were no longer moving around, people could begin to build permanent shelters. Shelters created communities. Communities allowed for better efficiency. Along the Fertile Crescent, towns like Jericho, Catal Hoyuk and Jarmo were built.

Jericho Jericho is one of the oldest settlements. It dates back to about 8000 B.C.

Çatal Hüyük Another well-known ancient village is Çatal Hüyük (chah•TAHL hoo• YOOK) in present-day Turkey. Çatal Hüyük was home to some 6,000 people between about 6700 B.C. and 5700 B.C.

Big Idea #4 - People began to specialize

Job Specialization Once food storage was possible, people could spend their time on other things and skills. In addition to farmers, there were pottery makers, weavers, basket makers, stoneworkers, house builders and traders. With specialization, communities could work out efficient systems. “Neolithic people didn’t merely want to survive. They wanted to make themselves, and their surroundings, more beautiful.” (History Alive! pg. 28).

Big Idea #4 - People began to trade

Trade With small groups of 20-60 people and the uncertainty of food sources, Paleolithic Hunters & Gatherers could not afford to trade. Skilled Neolithic people used their resources to trade with one another, traveling hundreds of miles. Popular trade items: flint and obsidian. Women began using things like hematite ore to redden their lips and cheeks. With the spread of trade, there came a spread of knowledge.

HOMEWORK – INTERACTIVE STUDENT NOTEBOOK Complete Section 3