DNA and Mutations

Learning Objectives Describe the different kinds of mutations and their significance

Mutation Mutation - any change in the DNA/RNA

Causes of Mutations Errors in DNA replication Mutagens - (chemicals, temperature, UV light, radiation)

Results of Mutations Mutations change the meaning of genes Mutations can be harmful, neutral or beneficial

Normal DNA sequence THE DOG BIT THE CAT DNA

Substitution Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT DNA THE DOG BIT THE CAR Substitution - Replace one letter T R

Substitution Mutation Normal hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Glu Val

Deletion Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT HEC AT DNA THE DOG BIT HEC AT Delete one letter (T) Reading frame shifts

Deletion Mutation Hemophilia - inability to form blood clots

Insertion Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOE GBI TTH ECA T DNA THE DOE GBI TTH ECA T Add one letter (E) Reading frame shifts

YouTube Video Bizzare Mutations

YouTube Video Mutations Amoeba Sisters

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Normal Gene Base Substitution Base Deletion met lys phe gly ala ser his leu Normal Gene Base Substitution Base Deletion

Types of Mutations Point mutations Base substitution Base deletion Base insertion Frameshift mutations Deletion Insertion Chromosomal mutations