Literary (writing) and Artistic responses to Industrial Revolution Romanticism Realism Emotion/feeling Hides some of the bad through writing Escape from reality Eventually grows less popular as people want change Wants to show the reality of conditions of the time (less sugar coating, wants to make change) Can still use figurative/romantic language Often the romantic lead character goes through a realistic situation

Realism or Romanticism?

The Economic Responses to the Industrial Revolution

Marxism or “communism” Socialism Unions Industrial Revolution led to economic and political reforms. As a result of the industrial revolution, the gap between the rich and poor began to widen as business owners made more money. The debate began as to handle this gap and what the governments role was in this The two economic systems grew out of a concern for social justice because the gap between rich and poor thought the gov. and rich had a responsibility to help the poor Socialism and Communism Marxism or “communism” Socialism Unions Economic responses to Capitalism

Socialism Factors of production are owned and organized by the people (not an individual capitalist) This usually translates into the government owning/organizing factors of production Goal: social equality The people or government make economic decisions and share in the surplus or suffer jointly in the case of any failures Socialism sees human nature with the good outweighing the evil, that as humans the rich as well as the government should be responsible for the poor based on the idea that humans are good and will do what is best for society as a whole Socialism: 1.factors of production resources needed to make goods LAND, LABOR, CAPITAL are controlled by the government. Ex: Railroads, Mines 2. It believes government should actively plan the economy instead of allowing free market at the mercy of greedy employers Question Post Office, Amtrack (talk of Airlines after 9/11) Interesting to mention that these agencies operate in the red (are always in debt and losing money) In other countries health care in owned and controlled by government (Canada) Everyone gets health care, but often long wait time and poor care (shortage of doctors??) In European countries (Sweden??)where gov. runs industries and education, health care, etc even college is “free” taxes are as high as 60-70% of income

Socialism In practice this leads to free health care, free education, better labor laws, controlling the prices of crops Inevitable result: forfeiture of a larger chunk of your wealth (however that is measured) Still an issue today…two things to note for discussion: Different historical events are in play. People have very different perspectives. Socialism today is not the same as socialism in the mid 1800s. Socialism sees human nature with the good outweighing the evil, that as humans the rich as well as the government should be responsible for the poor based on the idea that humans are good and will do what is best for society as a whole Socialism: 1.factors of production resources needed to make goods LAND, LABOR, CAPITAL are controlled by the government. Ex: Railroads, Mines 2. It believes government should actively plan the economy instead of allowing free market at the mercy of greedy employers Question Post Office, Amtrack (talk of Airlines after 9/11) Interesting to mention that these agencies operate in the red (are always in debt and losing money) In other countries health care in owned and controlled by government (Canada) Everyone gets health care, but often long wait time and poor care (shortage of doctors??) In European countries (Sweden??)where gov. runs industries and education, health care, etc even college is “free” taxes are as high as 60-70% of income

This link has been discussed

The extent of the socialism in these nations has also been questioned

Government Corporations in the U.S.

Radical Socialism (Marxism) – First outlined in The Communist Manifesto – written in 1848 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The proletariat (working class) will rise up and overthrow the bourgeois (overly wealthy owners) Outlines short-term demands of progressive income tax, abolition of child labor, free public education, nationalization of transportation systems, a state bank and elimination of inheritances and private property Communism (Marx 1848 Communist Manifesto) a more1. radical form of socialism Believed that free market would destroy itself due to 2. warring classes (proletariat and bourgeoisie) the workers would eventually unite and overthrow the owners and set up an economic system where everyone is equal. 3. No private ownership, all goods and services shared equally 4. Government would wither away and a classless society would develop 5. Reality=did not develop as Marx predicted because government intervention and some reforms kept workers happy However future leaders such as Lenin, Mao, Castro and Ho Chi Mihn used his ideas as a basis for their own systems of government (with adaptations to see things their way of course) Questions (Some possible answers) As demonstrated by the above leaders of communism, there is always someone that is in control to “make things fair” and assumes a role of dictator and thus an equal society with no government does not come into existence. The gov. never “withers away”. In addition, people need a motivation to do things, and for most it is success and or money. People need to enjoy their work and do what they are good at. By assigning people jobs and giving them no immediate rewards, the motivation drops and there is no output thus economy is not successful. People need to feel as if they have some say in their life choices. With communism this does not happen.

Marxism – Communism First goal is complete government control of the means of production and every citizen works according to their ability to best suit their needs – a classless society Eventually the state will wither away as it will no longer have a use Marx and Engels want a worldwide revolution by force where necessary to progress into this new era of benefit the proletariat. “Workers of the world, unite!”