Diversity of Life – Activity 4 Molecules & Processes – 3 Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation – 9 & 10 Rain Alternative Week of September 23rd 2018 Version 1.4. 9/25/2018 7:23:10 AM

Diversity of Life – Activity 4 – Leaf Litter Organisms – Set Up

Assemble Berlese funnel apparatus Goose-neck lamp Place tape on collecting container portion. Use permanent marker to label tape w/ lab section number and group number. Use graduated cylinder to add isopropyl alcohol to the bottom of the collecting container until it reaches a depth of approximately 1 cm. Place funnel on top of collecting container (Fig 4.1.) Make sure that the narrow end of the funnel is covered with screen. Empty contents of the plastic collecting bag into funnel. Funnel should be as full as possible. Leaf litter Funnel Funnel support/collection container Screen cover ~1 cm isopropyl alcohol Figure 4.1. Berlese funnel apparatus. Large funnel w/ leaf litter supported in collection container w/ ~1 cm isopropyl alcohol.

Molecules & Process of Life – Activity 3 – DNA Extraction and Damage by a Pollutant

What is DNA? Why is it important? Where is it located in the cell? Do all organisms have it?

4. DNA is spooled onto a wooden stirrer. 1. DNA is in the nucleus of the cell (in eukaryotes). 2. The cell membrane is disrupted with a detergent. DNA 3. Alcohol is added to the tube to separate DNA from other cell components and DNA migrates upward into alcohol layer. 4. DNA is spooled onto a wooden stirrer. Alcohol Protein and RNA DNA

Soak strawberry in simulated pollutant. Mash strawberry in plastic bag and mix with DNA extraction buffer. Wait 5 minutes Filter mashed mixture into tube. Add enzymes (contact lens solution.) Wait 2 minutes Add cold alcohol. It will form a layer at the top and DNA will rise. DNA can be observed and spooled onto a wooden stirrer (do not stir – just twist). Cheesecloth Filter

Strawberry exposed to pollutant Figure 3.1. Sketch of test tube and contents at end of DNA extraction procedure. Normal strawberry Strawberry exposed to pollutant DNA Alcohol Water Sketch appearance of both test tubes (normal and pollutant-exposed) containing filtered strawberry mash, alcohol and DNA.

Table 3.1. Qualitative description of extracted DNA of strawberries, as viewed with unaided eye Characteristic Normal Strawberry Strawberry Exposed to Pollutant Color Whitish Purplish Size Really small, tough to see Humungous Quantity A lot, huge amount Very small amount, hard to find Structure Long strands Record qualitative observations of the DNA (normal strawberry and exposed to pollutant).

Strawberry exposed to pollutant Figure 3.2. Sketch of extracted strawberry DNA stained with methylene blue and viewed with a compound light microscope at 400X. Normal strawberry Strawberry exposed to pollutant Sketch of DNA (normal strawberry and exposed to pollutant) as viewed through a microscope at 400X.

Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activity 9 – Ocean Surface Currents

Ocean Surface Circulation Currents Lateral movement of water at ocean surface. Determined by combined influence of atmospheric circulation patterns, water density differences, continents and the rotation of the Earth. Important due to role in influencing climate, global biogeochemical cycles and transporting organisms, chemicals, nutrients and pollutants. Image © Rick Lumpkin NOAA/OAML.

Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys. Table 9.1. Ocean drifter buoy position coordinates (latitude, longitude) by date and buoy number for eight buoys 67906 71369 67903 Date Lat Lon 11/10/07 39 148 11/05/07 21 -130 10/22/07 46 170 12/10/07 40 150 12/05/07 23 -138 11/22/07 174 01/10/08 38 157 01/05/08 22 -141 12/22/07 178 02/10/08 37 163 02/05/08 -146 01/22/08 45 -177 03/10/08 35 169 03/05/08 -150 02/22/08 -170 04/10/08 172 04/05/08 24 -156 03/22/08 -166 05/10/08 36 173 05/05/08 -160 04/22/08 -162 Figure 9.2. Map of ocean drifter buoy tracks for eight buoys in the Pacific Ocean for periods of 6 to 20 months for various years. (Source: NOAA). Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys. Connect points, add arrow to show direction, label buoy lines.

Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activity 10 – Vertical Structure of the Ocean

Mixed zone Thermocline Deep zone Uniformly mixed water, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth. Thermocline Temperature decreases rapidly with increased depth. Deep zone Water is uniformly cold, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth.

Typical Temperature Profiles

Ocean temperature (°C) Table 10.1 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 110° W Table 10.2 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 140° W Table 10.3 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 180° W Ocean temperature (°C) Temp(°C) Depth (m) 26.0 25.5 25 22.5 50 18.0 75 13.5 100 13.0 125 12.0 150 11.0 200 10.5 250 10.0 300 9.5 350 9.0 400 8.5 450 8 500 Temp(°C) Depth (m) 26.0 25 50 75 25.5 100 23.0 125 18.0 150 13.5 175 13.0 200 11.0 250 10.0 300 9.0 350 8.5 400 8.0 450 7.5 500 Temp(°C) Depth (m) 28.5 25 50 28.0 75 27.5 100 21.5 150 13.5 200 10.5 250 9.5 300 9.0 350 8.5 400 8.0 450 7.5 500 Ocean depth (m) Figure 10.1. Ocean temperature (°C) from surface to a depth of 500 m for three longitudes (110° W, 140° W, 180° W) at 5°N latitude. Plot temperature vs. depth data for locations from three locations.

Table 10.4. Starting and ending depths (m) for mixed, thermocline and deep zone at three sampling locations Sampling Location Longitude at 5° N Latitude 110° W 140° W 180°9 W Zone Start/End Depth Mixed zone Start End Thermocline Deep zone 500 Determine beginning and ending depths for each zone at all three locations, based on your graph.

Weekly Data Sheet pages What’s Due Weekly Data Sheet pages Weekly Write-Up pages Activity 4 147 Activity 3 83 87-88 Activity 9 355 359-360 Activity 10 363 371 PowerPoint available at: https://eeltown.org/evpp-110