Decreasing Enrollments / Increasing Manpower Needs: Solutions for Attracting Students to Computer Science Wayne Summers / Rodrigo Obando TSYS Department of Computer Science Columbus State University November 17, 2006

Decreasing Enrollments Increasing Manpower Needs 4/3/2019

Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-2005 The number of new undergraduate majors dropped another 21%, from 15,950 to 12,532 (see Figure 7). This follows last year’s 10% drop in new majors and a 23% drop the year before that. Accounting for the fact that more departments are reporting to the survey now than did three years ago, we effectively have seen a halving of the number of new majors entering our programs over a three-year period. Total enrollment in Bachelor's programs is down nearly 14% from last year and 30% compared to three years ago. Taulbee Survey (http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html) 4/3/2019

Undergraduate CS enrollments 1995-2005 4/3/2019

The U.S. ranks 17th in the world for ratio of science and engineering degrees. 4/3/2019

Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-2005 it is not yet clear when the decline in our undergraduate program enrollments will end. The double-digit percent decrease in bachelor’s production observed this year is likely to continue for the next several years.  Nationwide, only one-quarter of 1 percent of incoming freshmen women listed computer science as a probable major, according to a 2004 survey from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA. That’s down from a high of 4.25% in the mid-1980s. Taulbee Survey (http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html) 4/3/2019

Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-2005 Coupled with the declining representation of women in our undergraduate programs, our ability to produce a workforce that is sufficiently educated technically to meet the needs of the job market in computing is being severely challenged. Taulbee Survey (http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html) The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated in 2004 that 1.5 million new computer and IT-related jobs are expected to be added to the nation’s workforce by 2012. 4/3/2019

WHY? The decrease in enrollments seems to be driven by two major factors: misinformation in the popular media lack of means to motive students in our schools 4/3/2019

Myth 1: Software Jobs Have Disappeared There was a slight dip in IT-sector employment after 2000. Recent data show that this trend has reversed, and that there are now more jobs in this sector than at any time in history. Projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate strong growth over the next decade: Computer and information systems managers Computer specialists Computer hardware engineers Total, all professional-level IT occupations Total, all occupations 280 353 +26.1% 3,046 4,003 +31.4% 77 84 +10.1% 3,403 4,440 +30.5% 145,612 164,540 +13.0% 2004 2014 % change Projected Employment 2004-2014 (in thousands) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly Labor Review, November 2005 4/3/2019

IT Jobs Outlook Brightens “The study found that, despite intensifying competition, offshoring between developed and developing countries can benefit both parties. The study cited data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which indicates that more IT jobs are available today in the U.S. than at the height of the dot com boom. This trend is evident despite a significant increase in offshoring over the past five years. In fact, U.S. IT employment in 2004 was 17% higher than in 1999, and the BLS data reveals that IT jobs are predicted to be among the fastest-growing occupations over the next decade.” Globalization and Offshoring of Software (A Report of the ACM Job Migration Task Force) - http://www.acm.org/globalizationreport/ 4/3/2019

1. Network systems and data communications analyst The 10 fastest-growing jobs between now and 2014 http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/nextjobboom/ 1. Network systems and data communications analyst 6. Database administrator 2. Physician assistant 7. Physical therapist 3. Computer software engineer, applications 8. Medical scientist 4. Computer software engineer, systems software 9. Occupational therapist 5. Network and computer systems administrator 10. College instructor 4/3/2019

Top 10 best jobs http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/ MONEY Magazine and Salary.com researched hundreds of jobs, considering their growth, pay, stress-levels and other factors. These careers ranked highest. 1. Software Engineer 2. College professor 7. Computer IT analyst 4/3/2019

IT Salaries Remain High Continuing a pattern that has been evident for decades, recent bachelor’s and master’s engineering graduates and computer science graduates at the bachelor’s level are more likely than graduates in other fields to be employed full time after graduation, and upon entering the workforce, they are rewarded with higher salaries. Source: National Science Foundation. InfoBrief, December 2005 Among science graduates, the median annual salaries of computer and information sciences (CIS) graduates were the highest as of October 2003. CIS graduates with bachelor’s degrees earned a median annual salary of $45,000, and those with master’s degrees earned a median annual salary of $60,000. Source: Computing Research Association, December 2005 At this point, I would also include the recent Money magazine survey as well that showed "software engineer" as #1 in their "best jobs" category. 4/3/2019

Model Curriculum for K–12 Computer Science “Computer science is an established discipline at the collegiate and post-graduate levels. Oddly, the integration of computer science concepts into the K–12 curriculum has not kept pace in the United States. As a result, the general public is not as well educated about computer science as it should be, and a serious shortage of information technologists at all levels exists and may continue into the foreseeable future.” http://www1.acm.org/education/k12/k12final1022.pdf 4/3/2019

SOLUTIONS Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science (TECS) workshops Java Engagement for Teacher Training (JETT) Alice Workshops for Middle School students Revised Curriculum Game Programming Information Technology Other Outreach Activities 4/3/2019

Computer Science Teachers Association The Computer Science Teachers Association is a membership organization that supports and promotes the teaching of computer science and other computing disciplines. CSTA provides opportunities for K-12 teachers and students to better understand the computing disciplines and to more successfully prepare themselves to teach and learn. http://csta.acm.org/ 4/3/2019

CSU and the CSTA Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science (TECS) Teacher Engagement for Computer Science (TECS) - September 25, 2006 Understanding and Building Basic Networks - November 14, 2006 Having Fun with Computers – January 25, 2007 Programming Basic Applications – March 20, 2007 Computer Game Programming – 5/2007 Java Engagement for Teacher Training (JETT) 4/3/2019

Alice Workshops for Middle School 4/3/2019

Revised Curriculum Game Programming Information Technology ABET Robotics Other Ideas? 4/3/2019

Outreach Activities Computer Programming Competition Web Development Competition Speakers Bureau Raise Awareness In-service Workshops Summer Camps 4/3/2019

Resources The New Educational Imperative: Improving High School Computer Science Education: Computer Science and the National Competitiveness Debate - http://csta.acm.org/Publications/Publications.html ACM K-12 CS Model Curriculum http://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/k12final1022.pdf CSTA Web Repository of K-12 Computer Science Teaching Resources http://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/WebRepository.html Software Globalization and Employment by eminent Stanford computer science scholar Eric Roberts 4/3/2019

Resources Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science Workshops (TECS) - http://tecs.acm.org/ JETT - http://jett.acm.org/ K-12Linux Project - http://www.k12ltsp.org/ Partners in Learning, Microsoft -http://www.microsoft.com/education/partnersinlearning.mspx Resources for Teachers from CSTA and IBM - http://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/RecommendedResources.html IBM Academic Initiative http://ibm.com/university 4/3/2019

Resources New ACM brochure to advanced computing fields: ACM-Careers-Brochure-V7.pdf Website referenced in brochure http://computingcareers.acm.org NCWIT Resources on drawing more women into computing: http://www.ncwit.org/es.undergrad.html 4/3/2019

Resources Why Choose CSE? (videos) - http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/ugrad/prospective/outreach.html Celebrate Computer Science Education: http://sws.lhps.org/Default.aspx?alias=sws.lhps.org/computerscienceed 4/3/2019

http://csta.acm.org/Careers/CSTA-poster-revised.pdf 4/3/2019