OECD’S JOB QUALITY FRAMEWORK How good is your job? Measuring and Assessing Job Quality

measurement of job quality Principles for the measurement of job quality Focus on outcomes experienced by workers Consistent with well-being perspective Allows evaluating the role of policies and institutions Concentrate on individual workers To take account of the distribution of job quality outcomes Allows assessing to what extent poor outcomes on one dimensions are associated with poor outcomes on another Favours objective (including self-reported) features of job quality Ensures better comparability of outcomes across countries and time

Defining the main dimensions Labour market performance of job quality Well-being Labour market performance Job quantity Job quality Employment / unemployment Earnings quality Labour market security Quality of the work environment

OECD Job Quality Framework Earnings Quality Average Earnings Earnings Inequality Labour Market Security Unemployment Risk Unemployment Insurance Quality of the Working Environment (Job Strain) High Job Demands Low Job Resources

Measuring the Quality of Working Environment – Job Strain (1) Depends on balance between job demands which impair health and job resources which mitigate their effects Job demands - time pressure - physical health risks - (workplace intimidation) Job resources - work autonomy & learning - good relationships with colleagues - (good management practices) Index of job strain combination of excessive job demands & insufficient resources that increases risk of health impairment

Job strain, as the result of… … and too few job resources Measuring the Quality of Working Environment – Job Strain (2) Job Demands-Resources model Job strain, as the result of… … too many job demands … and too few job resources Time pressure Work usually more than 50 hours per week Difficult to take an hour or two off during working hours for personal or family matters Work at very high speed and too tight deadline Work autonomy and learning opportunities Can choose or change the order of tasks Can choose or change methods of work Job involves learning new things Employer provided training or on-the- job training Physical health risk factors Tiring and painful positions Carrying or moving heavy loads Exposed to vibrations from hand tools, machinery Exposure to high noise Exposure to high or low temperature Good workplace relationships Feel “at home” at work and have very good friends at work

Job Quality and Job Quantity in OECD countries Normalised score between 0 and 1

Job quality outcomes by socio-demographic groups Cross-country averages, 2010 Gender Age Education Gender Age Education Gender Age Education Source: OECD Employment Outlook 2014 Chapter 3: How Good is Your Job: Measuring and Assessing Job Quality