The Toddler With a Major Illness Chapter 19

Sensory/Neurologic Disorders Eye conditions Cataracts Glaucoma Strabismus Eye injury and foreign objects in the eye Eye infections Nursing care for the child undergoing eye surgery

Sensory/Neurologic Disorders (cont.) Insertion of foreign bodies into the ear or nose Drowning Second leading cause of accidental death in children Head injuries Primary cause varies with age: Fall or child abuse: toddlers and young children MVAs, bicycling, in-line skating: school-age children and adolescents

Respiratory Disorders: Croup Syndromes Spasmodic laryngitis Acute laryngotracheobronchitis Epiglottitis

Respiratory Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis Clinical manifestations Pancreatic involvement Pulmonary involvement Other organ involvement Diagnosis: sweat chloride test Treatment Complications arise from respiratory infections

Nursing Process for the Child With Cystic Fibrosis Assessment Nursing diagnoses Outcome identification and planning Implementation Evaluation

Cardiovascular Disorders: Kawasaki Disease Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and nursing care Cause by infectious agent Major concern is development of cardiac involvement

Cardiovascular Disorders: Kawasaki Disease (cont.) Stages of disease Acute Subacute Convalescent

Gastrointestinal Disorders Celiac syndrome: the complex of malabsorptive disorders Ingestion of toxic substances Emergency treatment Treatment steps in order of importance Lead poisoning (plumbism) Sources Ingestion of foreign objects

Integumentary Disorders: Burns Major causes: hot liquids, fire, and electricity Types: Superficial or first-degree burns Partial-thickness or second-degree burns Full-thickness or third-degree burns

Treatment of Burns Emergency treatment Superficial burns Partial- and full-thickness burns Hypovolemic shock occurs within the first 48 hours after a burn

Scalding Burns

Full-Thickness Burns

Treatment of Moderate to Severe Burns: First Phase (48 to 72 Hours) Airway Intravenous fluids Oral fluids Urine output and diuresis Infection control Wound care Grafting

Burns Complications Long-term care Nursing process: see Nursing Care Plan 19.1

Psychosocial Disorders Autism Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Treatment goals: Promotion of normal development Language development Social interaction Learning Nursing care