Genetics Bellwork Wed. 11/28/18 Take out Edible Cell Signature! Write down H.W.: Variations of Traits and Genetics Study Guide due Tuesday. Edible Cell Signature due TOMORROW. Check Extra Credit of the Week – Due Friday! Glue in pg.76 “Genetics Notes”. Get off table 1. Glue in pg.77 “Genetics Crossword” off table 5.

Why am I learning this? Learning Targets: Genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring. Importance In the future, doctors and scientists hope to use our genetic information to diagnose, treat, prevent and cure many illnesses.  Understanding how the three types of Mutations occur in offspring & their significance. How/why we look the way you do. How we can look very different from our families or why we may look a lot like them. Standard: 7.LS3.3 Predict the probability of individual dominant and recessive alleles to be transmitted from each parent to offspring during sexual reproduction and represent the genotypic and phenotypic patterns using ratios Learning Targets: I Can…explain what genetics are I Can . . . Identify and explain important vocabulary

Gregor Mendel Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mehz7tCxjSE&feature=youtu.be

Gregor Mendel Known as the “Father of Modern Genetics” Discovered the principles of heredity while studying the characteristics and traits of pea plants. Traits are a physical characteristic of an organism, like hair color, eye color, blood type, how tall you are. What are some other traits that could be compared in pea plants?

Mendel chose to call the trait that was expressed in all the first generation offspring the dominant trait. Ex.The yellow peas or purple petals Because the other trait seemed to be hidden in the first generation but reappeared in the 2nd generation, Mendel called it the recessive trait. Ex.The green peas or white petals

Traits and Inheritance Based on his findings in his experiments with pea plants Mendel knew that there must be two sets of instructions for each characteristic. These instructions for an inherited trait are called genes. Each parent gives one set of genes to the offspring. The offspring then has two forms of the same gene for every characteristic- one from each parent.

Alleles The different variations of the same gene are known as Alleles They are represented by two types of letters: capital letter= dominant gene lowercase letter= recessive gene If the allele is a capital letter, it has more protein and is dominant (A) If the allele is lowercase it lacks protein so it is recessive (a) Dominant=more protein present Recessive=less protein present

Phenotype & Genotype Genetics deals heavily with probability, or the mathematical chance of inheriting a certain trait from parents An organism's physical appearance, or visible trait is known as a Phenotype. think physical=Pheno- means “showing” ex. Yellow peas or purple flowers An organism's genetic makeup, or inherited combination of alleles is known as a Genotype If there is 1 or more capital letters or alleles in the genotype, it is dominant (AA or Aa) but to be recessive it must be 2 recessive alleles (aa only) Can be either... Homozygous- organism Has two identical alleles TT or tt Heterozygous- organism Has two different alleles Tt

Exit ticket You choose: Kahoot! Or… 2 things you learned today and 1 thing you are still unsure about. https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/9079d4c1-70d4-4581-ab69-b11f09d6d60e

Punnett Square: A chart that helps predict the probability that offspring will have a certain trait.

Codominance Codominance or a relationship among alleles where both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Incomplete Dominance Incomplete Dominance: One allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other.

More on Gregor Mendel https://www.biography.com/video/gregor-mendel-mini-biography-35737667892