Unit 2 New Industry and Big Cities Part 5
I. Factory Workers during Industrialization
the number of people in cities & factory jobs factory workers needed little or no skill to work - workers could be replaced easily workers had little bargaining power with their employer number of labor unions
A. Knights of Labor 1869 an organization of individuals open to all workers 1879 Terence Powderly = leader of K of L workers should set up own mines, factories, and RR’s believed in solving worker/owner disputes with negotiation against strikes 1886 - over 700,000 members
B. Haymarket Square Chicago 1886 workers from McCormick Harvesting Machine Company struck for an 8 hour day police came - one striker killed several wounded
next day - anarchists spoke up against police & treatment of workers police break up the meeting - someone threw a bomb at police - 7 police die - 4 workers die
C. Result of Haymarket Square four anarchists tried and executed for murder public upset with violent actions - blame the K of L Knights of Labor power
D. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded by Samuel Gompers made up of skilled workers who had belonged to national trade unions gain better working conditions higher pay & shorter hours favored the use of strikes 1900 AFL = leading union in the US