Biology Unit 1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes K Coogler

Levels of Organization Subatomic Particles – electrons, protons, and neutrons Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom, etc. Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule, etc. Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule, etc. Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, etc. Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell, etc. Tissue – epithelia, connective, muscle and nerve Organ – skin, femur, heart, kidney, etc. Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system, etc. Organism – the human

Levels of Organization Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Subatomic particles Atom Organ system Molecule Macromolecule Organ Organelle Organism Cell Tissue

Levels of Organization Scientist organize multicellular organisms into five basic levels of organization; beginning with cells and moving to increasingly complex structures. The five levels are: Cell – basic unit of life Tissue – similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function Organ – a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body Organ system – two or more organs that work together to perform body functions Organism – together

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization – Organ System Organ system – two or more organs that work together to perform body functions. Organ systems interact to help the organism maintain internal stability or homeostasis. Ex. The muscular system interacts with the circulatory system to help pump your blood and delver oxygen and nutrients to cells.

Levels of Organization - Organs An organ is a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.

Levels of Organization - Tissues Tissue – a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function, usually as part of an organ. In the human body, organs are made up of four general types of tissues;

Levels of Organization - Cells Humans, like other multicellular organisms are collections of specialized cells that work together. A cell is the most basic unit of life. The cells that make up an organism arise from a single cell that goes through successive divisions to make new cells. Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.

Cell Differentiation

The Cell & Cell Structure The basic level or organization in living things is the cell. Organisms may be made up of just one cell or they may be multicellular. The structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Most prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms. Eukaryotes may be multicellular or single-celled organisms. Organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells

Cell Structure: Animal vs Plant