Chapter 1 Sec 2-3

Activity Groups Each group will research an aspect of the Stone Age. Tools Language Clothes Animals Family Structure

Let’s share!! Each group will share what it discovered about its topic

Bellringer Look in your book at pages 10-11. In your notes from section 1, write characteristics of the Stone Age. Some things to notice: Technology Tools-what did they start with? What did they develop? Examples. Shelters Forming societies Art-what was created? What was used to create art? Religion-what do scientists think?

Did the stone age look like this??? Flintstones - Opening and Closing Credits - YouTube

Moving from the old stone age… Into the new stone age!! It’s called the Neolithic Era

Characteristics of Neolithic Era Advances in Toolmaking Food

Nomads People lived as nomads, by hunting & gathering…and then they learned to farm

Neolithic Revolution Historians call this shift to farming the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Ice Age over-new plants & animals show up-like barley and wheat

Neolithic part I - YouTube

Gathering Food So people can now GATHER food instead of constantly searching for new sources and Now they begin to practice domestication-the selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans

Dog is a man’s best friend!

Agriculture Changes Society World population grew. Why? Some began to live as nomadic pastoralists-people who ranged over wide areas & kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food & other items

Early Farming Societies Lived close together Houses-mud bricks or other materials Raised crops & livestock Villages & towns emerged

Early Farming Societies Trade increases! Differences in social status emerges More formalized religion Megaliths show up

Megaliths Huge stones-built as monuments for burial or spiritual purposes

Stonehenge Secrets of Stonehenge (1/4) – YouTube

New Technologies Tools were developed Around 6000 BCE people began to use animals-like cows-to pull plows Clay used to make pottery

Catal Huyuk In modern day Turkey

Otzi the Iceman

The Bronze Age is Coming Sheep & goats provided wool-making garments & blankets Metal began being used-first copper & then bronze-a mix of copper & tin making stronger objects So enters the Bronze Age-around 3000 BCE in some areas, later in others

Magical Bronze age Alchemist - YouTube

Activity Now take your research on the stone age & do research on the Bronze Age. Let’s compare and contrast.

Foundations of Civilization Section 3 Foundations of Civilization

Bellringer In your notes to begin section 3, brainstorm and make a list of characteristics that you think make a civilization. In other words, what does it mean to call something a civilization?

From Villages to Cities Gradual transition New methods of farming were developed Development of irrigation systems was VERY important-why?? Surplus-excess-was produced

Changing Economies Fewer people needed to farm So other jobs developed-like what? like tool making and weapons, weavers, potters, religious leaders Division of labor was developed

Characteristics of Cities Some villages grew into cities Larger & more densely populated Uruk is the first known city-between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in today’s Iraq 3000 BCE 40,000-50,000 people

Cities Populations were more diverse-more people were unrelated More formal organization than villages Defined center Temples Monuments Govt buildings marketplaces

Cities Defined boundaries-defensive walls Centers of trade Merchants & farmers from surrounding villages traveled to city markets to exchange goods

Groups! Civilization

First Civilizations Formed from early cities Define civilization- A complex and organized society From fertile river valleys

Activity In groups, discuss what makes a civilization. Create a definition of your own. Make a list of characteristics, institutions, and features that you think a civilization should have.

Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia Fertile River Valleys Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia

Fertile River Valleys The Nile in Africa

Fertile River Valleys Indus in South Asia

Fertile River Valleys Huang He (Yellow River) in China

Fertile River Valleys Rivers flooded Religions developed differently Violent & unpredictable floods created more violent gods Regular flooding created more predictable, less violent gods

Characteristics of Early Civilizations Developed cities Examples include: Ur and Uruk near Tigris and Euphrates Memphis on the Nile Mohenjo Daro on the Indus River Anyang near Huang He

Characteristics Contd Organized Government Formalized Religion Specialization of Labor Artisans showed up-skilled craftspeople Basketry Carpentry Metalwork pottery

Characteristics Contd Social Classes Rulers, priests, and nobles Merchants and artisans Farmers and unskilled workers (majority) Enslaved people

Characteristics Contd Record Keeping and Writing Record keeping in Sumer used clay tokens & pouches Systems of writing developed about 5,000 years ago Picture symbols Then abstract symbols

Characteristics Contd The Arts

Change in Civilization Expansion and Warfare Spread of people & ideas Cultural Diffusion-spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another Environmental Influences Floods & other natural disasters