The Role of Biology in Conditioning

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Presentation transcript:

The Role of Biology in Conditioning

Lucky or Unlucky associations? Quick write: I used to have a green Camaro that got hit in parking lots. Every time I got it fixed, I would come out and find a new dent in it. I even got in a substantial crash in it (wasn’t my fault). It was an unlucky car. Is there something from your life you consider to be lucky or unlucky? Write it on a paper you will turn in.

Remember Watson’s conditioning of Albert? Could he have just as easily conditioned that fear response to a flower or a piece of ribbon?

Probably not Humans and animals have certain biological predispositions that aide or hinder conditioning. Humans have an adaptive fear of things like snakes or other threatening animals “Snakes. I hate snakes.” - Indiana Jones

Biological Predispositions Martin Seligman (1972): most common fears “are related to the survival of the human species through the long course of evolution” Taste Aversion the intense dislike and/or avoidance of particular foods that have been associated with nausea or discomfort biologically adaptive for survival

Biological Predispositions Taste Aversion Have you ever gotten sick after eating something? How eager were you to: Eat that same food again? Eat at that same place again? Eat wearing the same clothes? Eat with the same company? Your aversion is related to those things directly involved with your biological survival.

Biological Predispositions Garcia & Koelling Exposed rats to 3-way conditioned stimulus: bright light, clicking noise, flavored water One group was exposed to US producing nausea and vomiting several hours after exposure.

Biological Predispositions Garcia & Koelling Rats formed an association between nausea and flavored water ingested several hours earlier. Didn’t develop association between sound or light Animals are biologically predisposed to make associations: taste & food in rats, sight & food in birds, etc. Taste aversion works in humans

Biological Predispositions Scapegoat effect – wrong association People undergoing chemotherapy sometimes associate food they ate before treatment, or the place they receive treatment with nausea. Bernstein (1982) came up with a novel- tasting, maple-flavored ice cream before chemo. Patients less likely to associate nausea with healthy food or place.

Conditioning principles don’t tell the whole story about learning. Biological Influences: Unconditioned Responses Genetic Predispositions Adaptive Responses Psychological Influences: Previous Experiences Predictability of Associations Generalization LEARNING Socio-cultural Influences: Culturally learned preferences Motivation, affected by the presence of others

Biological Predispositions What about Operant Conditioning? Condition hamsters to dig or rear-up using food as a reinforcer natural food-searching behavior not as successful face washing or other non-food searching behaviors Pigeons flap wings to avoid shock or peck to get food 5.6 What are some examples of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Biological Predispositions Bottom line Biology predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive. 5.6 What are some examples of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life Why can diet soda make people hungry? The sweet taste of soda becomes a CS. elicits insulin increase (UR) leads to feelings of hunger The pancreas pumps out insulin (lowers blood sugar) in response to any sweet taste such as diet soda. 5.6 What are some examples of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life Can you identify: NS US UR CS CR 5.6 What are some examples of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Review Video

Vocabulary Assignment In preparation for the next modules, please complete a KIM chart for the following vocab words: cognitive map ● learned helplessness latent learning ● external locus of control intrinsic motivation ● internal locus of control extrinsic motivation ● self-control Green book pages 297- 301