New Topic –Urban Environments The issues facing cities in richer and poorer parts of the world, how these can be managed, as well as the characteristics and features of the modern city.

Imagine you are walking through this city Imagine you are walking through this city. Describe your thoughts and feelings.

What are the characteristics of Urbanisation? L/O: All: To define urbanisation and understand the two major factors that have led to urbanisation (C grade) Most: To explain the trends in urbanisation around the world (B grade) Some: To evaluate the impacts of urbanisation around the world (A*/A grade) To Start: In pairs come up with a definition of Urbanisation. (If you really don’t know break the word up…what is Urban? Have you heard this term before? Where?)

What is Urbanisation? Urbanisation is a process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities (and consequently there is a reduction in the number of people living in rural areas) Urban settlements differ from rural ones because of their: Size – they are larger in terms of both population and area Building density (usually high) and the density of people (usually crowded) Economy – they make money through the provision of services and manufacturing as opposed to agriculture and raw materials Way of life – they are bustling and busy places with lots of energy

Urbanisation There have been TWO main waves of urbanisation In HIC’s during and following the industrial revolution In LIC’s since 1950 (especially Asia and Latin America) In 1800 only 3% of the world’s population lived in towns of over 5000 people Urbanisation began over the next 100 years and by 1900 10% of the population lived in towns or small cities By 2014 54% of the world’s population lived in urban areas and the number is rising all the time (It is expected to hit 66% by 2050)

Describe what Figure 1 shows about urban growth past and projected in developed countries developing countries (4 marks) Give reasons why: A high percentage (80%) of the population is urban in the UK, but the percentage is not likely to increase. A low percentage (under 45%) is urban in developing countries like China and the percentage is likely to keep increasing. 1. Industrial revolution. 2. LEDCs since 1950s 7

In which countries do you think most people live in urban areas? Try to predict 5 countries in the world where most of the population live in urban areas, and 5 countries where a low percentage of the population do.

Shade in your map to show differing levels of urban population in different countries. Try to label at least 5 countries with a high percentage of population in urban areas and 5 with a low level.

What do you think this map shows. CITY GROWTH What trends do you see What do you think this map shows? CITY GROWTH What trends do you see? Where is urbanisation happening the most nowadays? Write down a further 5 countries with high rates of urbanisation.

Urbanisation is generally linked with economic development. As a country moves from a mainly rural agricultural economy to a more industrial, commercial economy, the population becomes increasingly concentrated in towns and cities. Countries that have reached high levels of economic development usually have an urban population of over 75% of the total population and rates of urban growth are low.

Urbanisation is a global process, but it is occurring at very different rates in different parts of the world. Figure 2 Urban Population 1950 – 2030 Task: The line graph opposite shows the “Urban Population 1950 – 2030” Describe the trend in urbanisation over time using Figure 2. (4 marks) Support your answer with evidence from the graph. The best answers will give evidence to support the trends you identify e.g. In 1950, The level of urbanisation in the least developed countries was only 8%. By 2030…

Rates of Urbanisation Urbanisation in HIC’s Occurred from 1850 onwards due to industrialisation Encouraged workers to migrate from rural areas to work in factories and mines Housing was built nearby as transport was poor but living conditions were not good In the UK this explains why ‘inner cities’ have old 19th century terraced housing Urbanisation in LIC’s Urban growth in LIC’s has been huge in the last 50 years. This has resulted in megacities The fastest growing are in Latin America, SE Asia, Japan and Korea This is caused by rural-urban migration (push-pull) factors as well as natural increase of population Wealthy people live closer the centre with the poor living further away

Rates of Urbanisation Between 1850 and 1950 HIC’s experienced rapid urbanisation. The UK was a leader in rural to urban migration. The USA and Europe also experienced rapid urbanisation whilst most LIC’s still had high rural populations. Since 1950 LIC’s have experienced rapid urbanisation (urban pop. doubled between 1950 and 1990). HIC’s in contrast expanded by less than half. The trend would appear to continue over the next 50 years as more people look to move to the city in LIC’s and away from cities in HIC’s

Lets look at the L/Os to see how well you did. Celebrate! Lets look at the L/Os to see how well you did. Can you? All: To define urbanisation and understand the two major factors that have led to urbanisation (C grade) Most: To explain the trends in urbanisation around the world (B grade) Some: To evaluate the impacts of urbanisation around the world (A*/A grade) Write a comment under today's work to say: What level you reached. What went well Why What could be improved.