Properties & Elements

Question of the Day What materials can money or coins be made out of? Metals Copper Nickel Zinc Paper Why is it made out of these materials?

Properties Two kinds of Properties: Chemical Changes in structure or element Physical Differences that can be visually observed

Physical Properties Do not change the chemical nature of matter Color Density Odor Luster Freezing/Boiling/Melting Pt. Ductility Malleability

Chemical Properties Changing the chemical nature of matter Combustion pH Solubility Electricity (Conductivity)

Elements A pure substance Each one on periodic table Each has a symbol Atomic Weight or Mass (# of protons + neutrons) Atomic Number (# of protons)

The Periodic Table

Orbitals Red = s Only has 2 e- in it, 0 suborbitals Yellow = p Has 6 e- in 3 suborbitals Blue = d Has 10 e- in it, 5 suborbitals Green = f Has 14 e-, 7 suborbitals All suborbitals only have 2 e- each

Electron Configuration Writing out of all electron orbitals

Trends of the Periodic Table Vertical Columns Called Groups or Families Horizontal Rows Called Periods Groups total based on # of electrons Divided into metals, metalloids & non-metals Organized by Atomic Number

More Trends

Other Trends to know Ionization Energy The amount of energy it takes to pull e- away or add e- to an element Atomic Radius How large or small the atom’s nucleus & electron shells are

Group 1 Elements 1st Column (Group I) Alkali - react with H2O to form a basic solution Hydrogen not a metal but still is part (gas at room temp All elements have a +1 ion charge H, Li, Na, K