15.3 Fascism Rises in Europe NEXT
Italy Fascism: militant political movement nationalism & loyalty to authoritarian leader FASCISM nationalists Aristocrats/industrialists, lower middle class, and war vets BOTH One-party state No individual rights State supreme COMMUNISM Classless society Working class Italy depression causes social unrest—fear communist uprising Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce” Leader of Fascist Party, called blackshirts Attack Communists & Socialists King puts Mussolini in charge of government abolishes democracy—totalitarian state Fascism stresses nationalism Emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. Facists believed nations must struggle. To a growing number of Italians, their democratic govt. seemed helpless to deal with the country’s problems. They wanted a leader who would take action. The king felt that Mussolini was his best hope for his dynesty to continue so he let Mussolini form a government. NEXT
Germany Anti-Semitism Nazism—German fascism against communism Swastika, Brownshirts Goal: overturn Treaty of Versailles Adolf Hitler, “der Führer” Mein Kampf—book of beliefs, goals Lebensraum—living space 1933: Hitler is chancellor, totalitarian state eliminates enemies—the SS & Gestapo total command of economy propaganda Nazi troops publicly humiliate a Jewish man in Chemnitz, Germany (1933). Kristalnacht: November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish owned buildings. (Night of broken glass) Anti-Semitism Jews scapegoats for Germany’s problems deprive rights, promote violence 1938: Kristallnacht NEXT
Empire Building Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty 1931: Japan Invades Manchuria 1935: Mussolini invades Ethiopia 1936: Civil War in Spain Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty 1935: Hitler rebuilds army 1936: Germany takes Rhineland Britain urges appeasement policy of giving in to aggression Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan Other countries fall to dictators. NEXT
U.S. isolationism—avoid political ties with other countries 1935: Neutrality Acts Expansion of the Third Reich—German Empire 1938: annexes Austria demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia Munich Conference Leaders meet to settle Czech crisis Britain and France agree to let Hitler take Sudetenland 1939: Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia & demands more of Europe Nazi party celebration in NUrembergAdolf Hitler is driven through a cheering crowd in Vienna after the German annexation of Austria (1938). British prime minister Neville Chamberlain (left) meeting with Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference (1938). 1939: Stalin and Hitler sign non-aggression pact pledge never to attack one another NEXT
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