Directions Get the 4 sheets of paper off of the computer cart Get out Chapter 18 Reading Notes and VOCAB Grab Writing Notebook Turn in Play posit – Westward Expansion B-day – Playposit on Immigration

Writing Workshop You CAN NOT attend the special review if you have not attended a writing workshop for this semester. This will be an ongoing rule. As stated before, you must also attend a writing workshop to attend Brown Bag extra credit Writing Workshop – today during lunch in D101, Wednesday after school in D104 Special Review – (test on Monday) Wednesday during lunch in D101, or Thursday after school in D104

VOCAB – 7th Period Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall Jane Addams and settlement houses Susan B. Anthony

VOCAB – 9th Period W.E.B. Du Bois Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall Jane Addams and settlement houses Mark Twain

Chapter 18 – The Growth of Cities and American Culture 1865-1900

Looking Backward They would close to the New World the Bridge that Carried them and their Fathers Over

Immigration Compare and contrast the waves of immigration before and after the Civil War. Old v New Immigrants Was nativism fueled more by economic or cultural forces? Old- Britain, Germany, Scandinavia; Protestant, Irish/Ger Cath; English language, literate; skilled workers New- Italian, Greek, Croat, Slovaks, Poles, Russian; illiterate; new to democracy; Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish; “birds of passage”

Draw a Venn diagram in your writing notebook New Immigration Old Immigration

Italian, Greek, Croat, Slovaks, Poles, and Russians Illiterate Poverty Overcrowding Religious persecution new to democracy Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish “birds of passage” – young men contracted for unskilled factory, mining, and construction jobs Nativism Britain, Germany, Scandinavia Protestant, Irish/German Catholic English language Literate skilled workers Push/pull factors Economic opportunities Immigration quotas Old- Britain, Germany, Scandinavia; Protestant, Irish/Ger Cath; English language, literate; skilled workers New- Italian, Greek, Croat, Slovaks, Poles, Russian; illiterate; new to democracy; Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish; “birds of passage” Both – Religious persecution, new to democrqacy, nativism

Immigration restrictions Chinese Exclusion Act “undesirables” Literacy test Contract labor laws Nativism Ellis Island (1892) Immigration restrictions were supported by labor unions (who feared losing jobs), nativists, and Social Darwinist (saw immigrants as socially inferior) The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first attempt at an immigration quota. It will limit the amount of Chinese immigrants until the 1960’s. They implemented this because they thought that the Chinese immigrants were taking their jobs. They were afraid of job competition. Nativism – the belief that the “native” culture is superior, and that all other minority groups are inferior by nature. Ellis Island – where most immigrants came from Europe. They had a system of allowing new immigrants in. They would not allow sick immigrants in, had hospital quarters for them to receive treatment and dormitories for them to live in while determining if they were “good” immigrants to allow into the U.S. Ellis island is located across from the statue of liberty, a little ironic!

DOCUMENT ANALYSIS Chinese Exclusion Act

Urbanization – the growth of cities. Overcrowding, safety issues, sanitation issues, health issues, poor living conditions, tenements and ghettos Culture diffusions Ethnic groupings in certain areas, which fuels stereotypical views.

Urbanization What new opportunities and social problems did the cities create for Americans? How were machine politics indicative of the problems of the Gilded Age? Changing Cities Streetcars; Skyscrapers Ethnic Neighborhoods, tenements 1879 – each room had to at least have a window Suburbs Private v Public City “City Beautiful” – an attempt to add tree lines and beauty to inner cities Boss and Machine Politics Boss Tweed – corrupt political boss, stole millions from public building funds Drew their power from immigrant groups who were struggling Provided jobs, funding, helped them find housing, provided food, but also stole money from their taxes Did the bare minimum to gain votes, while they profited greatly Streetcars, subways, railroads, better transportation made commuting more possible, which allowed for the development of urban areas. Your upper-class/middle class moved to suburbs to escape the crime, pollution, and poverty of the city. This increased the noticeability of the tenements and social segregation.

Boss tweed As you watch the following video, you must notate 5 facts from the video on a separate sheet of paper. They must include reference to the following Boss Tweed Political machines Tammany Hall Immigration Political corruption

Video analysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YildL_ilQFY&t=328s

Launches https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=yibNEcn-4yQ Janunary 28, 1986