The consequences on attitudes and voting Gianpietro Mazzoleni La comunicazione politica Chapter 10

The effects on political socialization Political socialization during childhood (until 16-17 years) Political socialization during youth (from 18 to 29 years)

The effects on political knowledge Rational citizen through information shortcuts Sufficiently knowledgeable monitorial citizen Distribution of political knowledge Pyramidal Diamond Reverse pyramidal Political knowledge through infotainment

The effects on political participation Pessimistic points of view Putnam Optimistic points of view Norris Also relevant Different participative actions Different types of citizens

The effects on voting Party identification Issue voting Negative preference Left-right location Leaders’ image Political information Influence Encapsulation

The effects on public opinion Surveys may create a spiral of silence when debated by the media system Surveys may influence voters by generating a bandwagon or underdog effect