Anatomy-study of the parts of the body-its structure Physiology-study of the function of the body Anatomical Position -standing erect with the face forward, arms at the side, palms forward Directional terms – refer to location of a structure or the relative position of a body part to another one

Directional Terms anterior or ventral (front) posterior or dorsal (back)

Cranial – head of body Caudal – tail end

superior-upper or above something inferior-lower or below something

Medial-toward the middle Lateral-toward the side of the body Proximal-toward the point of attachment to the body or trunk of the body Distal-away from the point of attachment to the body

Superficial /external-near the surface of the body Deep/internal-inside the body

BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS PLANE – Imaginary anatomical dividing lines Sagittal -divides body into R & L parts Coronal/Frontal -vertical cut @ R angles to sagittal plane,divides body into anterior & posterior portions Transverse -horizontal cut-divides body into upper & lower parts-a cross-section

CAVITIES OF THE BODY CRANIAL – BRAIN SPINAL – SPINAL CORD THORACIC – HEART & LUNGS ABDOMINAL – STOMACH, INTESTINES, LIVER, GALLBLADDER & PANCREAS PELVIC – URINARY BLADDER & REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Cranial + spinal cavities Dorsal cavity = Cranial + spinal cavities Ventral/anterior cavity = Thoracic + abdominopelvic cavities

MEMBRANES Membranes are formed by putting 2 thin layers of tissue together. 1 tissue + 1 tissue= 1 membrane Membranes may secrete a fluid 2 types of membranes: MUCOUS membranes SEROUS membranes

Mucous Membranes- line the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems producing mucous to lubricate and protect the lining Serous Membranes- double-walled membranes producing a watery fluid-line closed body cavities: 1) parietal membrane – outer part lining the body cavity 2) visceral membrane – Inner part covering the organ

Examples of SEROUS membranes Pleural Membrane-lines the thoracic cavity and protects the lungs Pericardial Membrane-protects & lines the heart Peritoneal Membrane-lines the abdominal cavity protecting abdominal organs.

A few more terms to know……… Clean Wound

Healing Scab Cicatrix-scar

Sutures Graft http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvbxmm9inoo

Granulation Tissue-new blood vessels forming – beefy red color is sign of healing – fluid with bactericidal properties helps prevent infection during healing

Abdominal Quadrants 1.01 Remember structural organization

Abdominal Regions 1.01 Remember structural organization