Hookworms (钩虫) Two major species of hookworms can infect human

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Brandy Kragness & Kerbe Norberg
Advertisements

Ascaris Lumbricoides.
Nematode The intestinal nematodes Ascaris Hook worms Pin worm
Roundworms Pathophysiology. Ascaris lumbricoides largest nematode parasitizing the human intestine most common human helminthic infection worldwide.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostoma spp. and Necator spp .
Enteric Nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis
parasite lab by l.wafa menawi
Medical Helminthology.
Strongyloides stercoralis By: Mahamed Yassin & Zakariya Salah By: Mahamed Yassin & Zakariya Salah.
Sadia Aden and Levan Dunkal. Scientific Classification  Kingdom: AnimaliaAnimalia  Phylum: PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes  Class: CestodaCestoda 
Jeremy Leibfried Tyler Gronli
18-1 CHAPTER 18 The Ecdysozoas Phylum Nematoda The Ecdysozoas Phylum Nematoda.
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Ascaris lumbricoides Beth Wozney.
Medical Parasitology Lab.
Hookworms Presented by: Mahamoud Ahmed & Faisal Farea.
Causal Agent: The human hookworms include the nematode species, 1.Ancylostoma duodenale and 2.Necator americanus.
Hook worms Ancylostoma duodenale (old hookworms)
Hookworms. The hookworms cause hookworm disease, which is one of the five major parasitic disease in China(malaria, shistosomiasis, filariasis, kala-
Hookworms Associated prof. Tian.
Hookworms The hookworms cause hookworm disease, which is one of the five major parasitic disease in China(malaria, shistosomiasis, filariasis, kala- azar.
1)Diseases caused by Helminthes: Overview 1.Types: I.Flat worms/ Platyhelminths II.Round Worms/ Nematodes 2.Different diseases cause:  Causative Agent/
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE Onofre Alarcón, Antonio Sánchez del Río, Salvador Baudet, Servicio de Digestivo. Tenerife. Canary Islands.
Nematoda: Structure of the adult : 1.Nematodes are generally elongate, cylindrical, and tapered at both ends. 2. The basic body design is a tube within.
Ribbonworms, Roundworms, and Rotifers. Phylum Rhynchocoela (Ribbon-worm) Longest worm Longest worm Free living, marine Free living, marine Long proboscis.
Ancylostomiasis HOOKWORMS Ancylostoma duodenale.
Phylum Nematoda & Rotifera
Hook worms. 1. Ancylostoma duodenale 2. Necator americanus A. duodenale N americanus.
Trichuris trichiura ( Whipworm). Trichuris Trichiura I. Morphology : Adult: the worm looks like a buggy whip, the anterior 3/5 is slender and the posterior.
3-Hook worm. Ancylostoma duodenale. Necator americanus. Distribution: Tropics and sub-tropics, worm areas. Necator americanus is more common than Ancylostoma.
Hookworms (钩虫) Two major species of hookworms can infect human
Intestinal Nematodes.
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis
Nematodes (Round worms)
Phylum Nematoda The Roundworms “thread” “like”
Hookworms (钩虫) Two major species of hookworms can infect human
(NEMATHELMINTHES) Class: Nematoda (Round worm) Dr. Gamal Allam.
Hookworms 鉤蟲 Distribution between 45oN and 30oS
Intestinal Helminths.
Symbiosis Commensalism - one benefits and the other is not affected Mutualism - both benefit Parasitism - one benefits and the other is harmed.
Batch 17 Remya Intestinal helminths. Learning Objectives: The objectives of this lecture are to introduce students to the basic concepts of parasitologyintroduce.
Pathology & Parasitology Practical Session 4
phylum:Nemathelminthes class:Nematoda order:Ascaridoidea
Enterobius Vermicularis
Hookworms. - is one of the major parasitic disease. At least two species of hookworms infect man, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. They live.
Hookworms. Necator americanes Ancyclostoma duodenale.
Symbiosis Commensalism - one benefits and the other is not affected Mutualism - both benefit Parasitism - one benefits and the other is harmed.
Ascaris Lumbricoides.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE Onofre Alarcón, Antonio Sánchez del Río, Salvador Baudet, Carmen Dorta Hospiten Rambla. Servicio de Digestivo.
Feces Mainly in Soil The diseases in this category are mainly transmitted through fecal contamination of soil. These infections are acquired through man’s.
Prepared by : Nada H. Lubbad
Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)
Enterobious vermicularis Strongloides stericoralis Trichurius trichura
Order Strongylida Hookworms Necator americanus Americas, Africa, Asia
Life cycles of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (human hookworms). Penetration of the skin by infective hookworm larvae is followed by migration.
parasite lab by l.wafa menawi
Ancylostoma duodenale
Combating Intestinal Parasites In The Community
Ancylostoma Duodenale and Necator Americanus
Order Strongylida Hookworms Necator americanus Americas, Africa, Asia
Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)
Soil-Transmitted Nematodes (And pinworms later on)
Hookworms (钩虫) Two major species of hookworms can infect human
Parasitic Nematodes!!!.
Enterobius vermicularis. The pinworms are one of the most common intestinal nematodes. The adult worms inhabit the cecum and colon. Right after mating,
Ancylostomoza Necatoroza
Ascaris Lumbricoides.
Presentation transcript:

Hookworms (钩虫) Two major species of hookworms can infect human Necator americanus (美洲板口线虫) Ancylostoma duodenale (十二指肠钩口线虫)

General Introduction Human intestinal nematode of smaller size, inhabit the small intestine World-wide distribution, about 900 million infections in the world A. duodenale is prevalent in Southern Europe, North Africa, Northern Asia (North China), and the more pathogenic one N. americanus is the predominant species in the Western hemisphere and equatorial Africa (South China) Many areas are endemic for both species Heavy infection may evoke anemia known as "Yellow Laziness" It can profoundly affect entire populations by gradually sapping the victims’ strength, vitality, and overall well-being

Morphology: Adults Ancylostoma duodenale Female is 10-13 mm in length by 0.6 mm in diameter Males are 8-11 mm by 0.4 mm Posterior end has an umbrella-shaped bursa with riblike rays Two pairs of curved teeth on the ventral wall of its buccal capsule

Morphology: Adults Necator americanus Females are 9-11 mm in length by 0.4 mm in diameter Males are 7-9 mm by 0.3 mm Smaller than A. duodenale A pair of semilunar cutting plates on the ventral wall of the buccal capsule

Buccal capsule Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus

Morphology: Egg oval or can-shaped with a thin, hyaline shell, measured 60-75 by 36-40 µm.

Life cycle

Life cycle No intermediate host is necessary Larva takes a free living mode The filariform larva is the infective stage Infection routes: skin penetration(mainly); orally swallow; maternal-child Residing in human upper small intestine: duodenum, jejunum Blood-Lung migration: skin --- lymphatic system --- right side of the heart --- lung --- respiratory tree --- coughed up and swallowed --- small intestine

Pathogenesis 1. Hookworm larvae dermatitis: Penetration of the skin by the filariform larvae may be asymptomatic in previously uninfected individuals. However, those experiencing repeated infections develop itching, known as "ground itch" or "dew itch".

Pathogenesis 2. Migration of pre-adult cause temporary pulmonary inflammation: In heavily infected individuals (i.e., 500-1000 worms), there can be symptoms of pneumonia during the migratory phase in the developmental cycle of these worms

Pathogenesis 3. Anemia Especially in young children hypoproteinemic because of some loss of serum proteins Iron-deficiency Why can the small worms cause anemia? The pump-like action when worms suck blood The worms secrete an anticoagulant, which facilitates bleeding The worms usually change the sites when suck blood 4. Allotriophagy (Geophagy): due to the iron-deficiency

Edema, ascites and loss of labour force Allotriophagy

Laboratory diagnosis Brine floatation is the method of first choice Hookworm larvae cultivation is used for species identification Hookworm larvae in sputum

Epidemiology Most prevalent in the tropical and subtropical zones In China, mostly mixed infected, while A.duodenale is somewhat northward distributed and N. americanus in southward

Epidemiology Moist, shady, sandy, or loamy soil favors persistence of these worms Larvae can survive for up to 6 weeks Do not live long in clay, dry, hard packed soils, or where temperatures are freezing, or are higher than 45C

Principles of Control Chemotherapy: Albendazole; Mebendazole Sanitary disposal of human feces is the most effective control measure in preventing the spread of infection with the hookworms Protection of the susceptible population

HYPERACTIVE CHILD SYNDROME HISTORY A mother brought her 7-year-old son to the psychiatrist because he had some behavioral problems in school and at home. She stated that he was very irritable and inattentive and that his attention span was very short. In addition, he begun to experience insomnia and had episodes of enuresis. He was unable to sit still, had lost some weight, and his appetite was not as good as usual. His birth and development were normal. The astute psychiatrist inquired further and learned that the child was also experiencing perianal itching. He performed a swab of the perianal area. The results confirmed his suspicion. The child was treated with albendazole and all his symptoms disappeared.

The child gets infected with: A. ascaris B. whipworm C. pinworm D. hookworm He may acquire the infection from: The plan of treatment should include:

Questions: Why A. lumbricoides infection distributed so widely? Why hookworms can cause anemia ? What are the characteristics of the anemia? Geo-helminth Bio-helminth