IONIC COMPOUNDS To name an ionic compound name the cation, then name the anion ANIONS Nonmetals form anions Name as the root of the elemental name, ending in –ide Anion charges are determined from the element’s position on the periodic table EX6-1 (of 30)

H (1-) Group 17 (1-) Group 16 (2-) Group 15 (3-) EX6-2 (of 30)

O2- oxide N3- nitride H- hydride EX6-3 (of 30)

CATIONS Metals form cations Name as the elemental name Cation charges are determined from the element’s position on the periodic table EX6-4 (of 30)

Group 1 (1+) Group 2 (2+) Group 11 (Ag+) Group 12 (Zn2+, Cd2+) Group 13 (Al3+, Ga3+, In3+) EX6-5 (of 30)

Ca2+ calcium K+ potassium Al3+ aluminum EX6-6 (of 30)

The name of an ionic compound only gives the information necessary to predict its correct formula, based upon equalizing the ion charges calcium chloride 2+ 1- CaCl2 sodium phosphide 1+ 3- Na3P barium nitride 2+ 3- Ba3N2 manganese iodide ? 1- EX6-7 (of 30)

Metals other than Group 1 (1+), Group 2 (2+), Group 11 (Ag+), Group 12 (Zn2+, Cd2+), and Group 13 (Al3+, Ga3+, In3+) can form multiple cations EX6-8 (of 30)

Mn2+ Mn3+ Mn4+ Mn6+ Mn7+ manganese (II) George Foreman (III) George Foreman (IV) George Foreman (VI) George Foreman (VII) George Foreman These metal cations must be named with the charge, written in parenthesis EX6-9 (of 30)

manganese (II) iodide 2+ 1- MnI2 manganese (IV) iodide 4+ 1- MnI4 cobalt (III) sulfide 3+ 2- Co2S3 uranium (VI) oxide 6+ 2- UO3 iron oxide ? 2- EX6-10 (of 30)

Name these ionic compounds : SrF2 strontium fluoride K2O potassium oxide AuI3 1- gold (III) iodide PbBr2 1- lead (II) bromide Cu2O 2- copper (I) oxide auric iodide EX6-11 (of 30)

NAMING POLYATOMIC IONS 1) Cations that are polyatomic NH4+ ammonium UO22+ uranyl Hg22+ mercury (I) EX6-12 (of 30)

2) Anions that are polyatomic Name polyatomic anions that contain oxygen as the root of the elemental name, ending in –ate or –ite CO32- carbonate NO3- nitrate NO2- nitrite PO43- phosphate SO42- sulfate SO32- sulfite EX6-13 (of 30)

Some elements can make 4 oxyions ClO4- perchlorate ClO3- chlorate ClO2- chlorite ClO- hypochlorite EX6-14 (of 30)

-ate ions 3 O’s 4 O’s EX6-15 (of 30)

Give the formulas of the following ionic compounds: sodium bicarbonate 1+ 1- NaHCO3 barium hydroxide 2+ 1- Ba(OH)2 iron (III) nitrite 3+ 1- Fe(NO2)3 EX6-16 (of 30)

Name the following ionic compounds: LiNO3 lithium nitrate Co(CN)3 cobalt (III) cyanide EX6-17 (of 30)

HYDRATES Compounds with water molecules trapped in their crystals Name ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters, followed by -hydrate 1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca EX6-18 (of 30)

HYDRATES Compounds with water molecules trapped in their crystals Name ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters, followed by -hydrate copper (II) chloride hexahydrate CuCl2.6H2O Fe(NO3)3.9H2O iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate EX6-19 (of 30)

COVALENT COMPOUNDS BINARY COMPOUNDS Name the 1st nonmetal as element name, using prefix if more than 1 atom Name the 2nd nonmetal with –ide, always use a prefix CO2 carbon dioxide CO carbon monoxide N2O dinitrogen monoxide EX6-20 (of 30)

Base formulas on prefixes Phosphorus triiodide PI3 diarsenic pentasulfide As2S5 EX6-21 (of 30)

NAMING ACIDS 1884 SVANTE ARRHENIUS Proposed the first definitions of acids and bases Arrhenius Acid – A compound that loses hydrogen ions in solution Arrhenius Base – A compound that loses hydroxide ions in solution Out of water – named as an ionic compound HCl (g) hydrogen chloride EX6-22 (of 30)

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid HBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acid EX6-23 (of 30)

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid H2S hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfuric acid EX6-24 (of 30)

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid HNO3 hydrogen nitrate nitric acid EX6-25 (of 30)

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid H2SO4 hydrogen sulfate sulfuric acid EX6-26 (of 30)

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid H3PO3 hydrogen phosphite phosphorous acid EX6-27 (of 30)

FORMULAS OF ACIDS Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid hydrofluoric acid hydrogen fluoride HF EX6-28 (of 30)

FORMULAS OF ACIDS Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid carbonic acid hydrogen carbonate H2CO3 EX6-29 (of 30)

FORMULAS OF ACIDS Anion in acid ends in –ide hydro–root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ate root–ic acid Anion in acid ends in –ite root–ous acid nitrous acid hydrogen nitrite HNO2 EX6-30 (of 30)