4/3/2019 Periodic Table L. Relyea

Good morning! Take out your notes from yesterday and be ready to start 4/3/2019 Todays agenda – November 8, 2016 Cornell notes Periodic Table Periodic Table Questions Review Element Bingo L. Relyea

Standard 4/3/2019 SPS4 Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table. a. Determine the trends of the following: Number of valence electrons Types of ions formed by representative elements Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Phases at room temperature b. Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for representative elements. L. Relyea

Essential Question How and why is the periodic table arranged? 4/3/2019 How and why is the periodic table arranged? L. Relyea

Organization of the Elements 4/3/2019 Periodic Table 1st organized by Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1860’s There were only 60 known elements First organized by atomic mass and chemical properties, now by atomic number There were gaps in the table because other elements had not yet been discovered L. Relyea

Periodic Law 4/3/2019 Elements are organized by atomic number and similar chemical properties Also organized by metals, metalloids, nonmetals Metals tend to be solids at room temperature Nonmetals tend to be gases at room temperature Exception – Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature Metalloids are also called Semiconductors L. Relyea

Periods Each row is a period 4/3/2019 Each row is a period From left to right elements become less metallic L. Relyea

Groups Each column Each group has the same number of valence electrons 4/3/2019 Each column Each group has the same number of valence electrons Because of the valence electrons each group has similar properties L. Relyea

Periodic Table Labeling 4/3/2019 Need periodic table We are going to label it L. Relyea

Ion Formation and Oxidation Numbers 4/3/2019 Ion Formation and Oxidation Numbers L. Relyea

Octet Rule Octet Rule What do they do if they don’t have 8 electrons? 4/3/2019 Octet Rule Elements want 8 electrons to be stable and happy What do they do if they don’t have 8 electrons? L. Relyea

Ions 4/3/2019 Elements will either lose or gain electrons from other elements in order to get the number of electrons they need to be stable L. Relyea

Ions 4/3/2019 The number of electrons lost or gained depends upon the number of valence electrons Easier to lose a few electrons Group 1 – gives up its 1 electron easily Group 17 – wants to gain 1, not lose 7 L. Relyea

Ions 4/3/2019 As an electron is lost or gained, the number of electrons no longer equal to the number of protons (atomic number) This causes the element to have either a positive or negative charge = Ion L. Relyea

Lose Electron Lose an electron get a positive charge 4/3/2019 Lose an electron get a positive charge Ex: Lithium, valence electron = 1, Li+ Ex: Beryllium, valence electron = 2, Be+2 L. Relyea

Gain Electron Gain and electron get a negative charge 4/3/2019 Gain and electron get a negative charge Ex: Fluorine, valence electrons = 7, F- Ex: Oxygen, valence electrons = 6, O2- L. Relyea

Oxidation Numbers 4/3/2019 Oxidation Number = the number of electrons an element needs to gain or lose This is opposite of Ion Charge! Group 1 = -1 Group 2 = -2 Group 3 = -3 Group 4 = -4 or +4 Group 5 = +3 Group 6 = +2 Group 7 = +1 Group 8 = 0 (already has all it needs) L. Relyea

Where does it go? Group 1 and Group 7 often go with each other – why? 4/3/2019 Group 1 and Group 7 often go with each other – why? Which Group often goes with Group 2? Why? L. Relyea