Industrial Revolution Changes to Work and Technology

Labour + Government in Britain: Famers who were out of work came to cities city populations grew and lots of people were willing to work in factories. Business people have power in parliament, can pass laws that help businesses grow Government improved transportation (this helps with trade), and British navy protected shipping

Capitalists: Capitalist: a person with money (capital) to invest Capitalist are willing to build factories + improve transportation (for a profit $$$$$) People who were discriminated against go into business as a way to get power…

Image Analysis: Look at the image on page 236, and read the description, then answer the following questions: 1. What was life like for poor factory workers? 2. Describe their housing situation

Image Analysis: Look at the image on page 237, and read the description, then answer the following questions: 1. What was life like for the upper classes during the Industrial Revolution? 2. Describe their housing situation

Energy Sources + Raw Materials Coal: used for heat, and eventually for the steam engine Coal is used to make iron Iron makes: pots and pans, iron wheels in factories, iron + brass steam engines, and bridge supports

TEXTILE INDUSTRY Textiles = woven fabrics used to make clothing and other products Textiles made Britain rich and powerful New technology made fabric and clothing creation much more efficient and profitable

Textile Materials + Trade All cloth is made from natural materials (at this time) Britain has wool (from sheep)… it cannot grow cotton due to climate

Textile Materials + Trade Cont’d Desire for new textile materials led Britain to look to the colonies. Britain liked the cotton grown in the American South American farmers start producing more cotton  leads to increased slavery to meet demand India supplies indigo + cotton First Nations supply clothing dye Fibre for rope found in Mexico + Florida

Steam Power: During the Industrial Revolution inventions built on inventions Ex: Yarn is spun faster, and there’s more of it  looms get larger larger looms need more power= invention of the water frame Start of Industrial Revolution power came from: humans, horses, and running water Running water was best, and could provide a lot of power None of these are enough to meet power needs

Steam Power Cont’d 1712: Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine to pump water out of mines Used steam produced from a coal fire Guiding idea: water expands when it’s heated (takes up more space than in liquid form) 1st Steam engine called “Old Bess”

Watt’s Steam Engine James Watt improved Newcomen’s steam engine in the 1760s Compressed the steam, and made the engine more practical Turbine: a rotary mechanical device in which fluid or steam makes the blades move Ex. Picture a kettle, when steam is pushed out of the small hole, it whistles “If steam is put under pressure in a boiler, it can be harnessed to power a turbine” Watt’s engine was adapted to power machines in factories.

Work… TRANSFORMED! Industrial Revolution changed: how products are made, what kind of work people did, and how that work was organized

Before the Revolution: Cottage Industry: different people worked on one part of a product in their homes. Completed work then collected by a business person and sold Paid for each item you create (not hourly) Looking on page 241; which would you rather work for? The cottage industry? Or the factory system? Why?

Spinning and Weaving Done largely by women who also farmed (extra income) Paid poorly – lots of people want to do this, it’s easy to learn = business owners don’t have to pay high wages

Factory Age Inventions made the cottage industry useless… New machines are large, and require a LOT of power Factories = all parts of the manufacturing (making) process are in one place

Transportation Changes Transportation changes allowed Britain to: Make transportation faster and cheaper Transport raw materials Transport products to market Extend markets around the world

Steam Locomotives Roads and canals are improved Steam engines became powerful enough that they could power trains! 1829- the “Rocket” is created Trains revolutionized transportation!