What is Colonialism? Age of Imperialism (1760-1914) Colonies Time when European nations colonized lands in the Americas, Africa, & Asia Colonies Characteristics A policy of extending power and influence on other countries through diplomacy or military force Exploiting area for natural resources and cheap labor Brought profits to the governing nation Imposing your nations laws and customs on the indigenous people of the area

Two Stages Old Imperialism (1760-1800s) New Imperialism (1870-1914) Stemmed from a desire to find trade routes to Asia Set up trading posts in Africa North America New Imperialism (1870-1914) Impacted by the Industrial Revolution Harvesting labor and resources to be used in factories Goods taken from colony, made back home Social Darwinism (racism) Competition for the largest empire

Arguments for Colonization Economic Military/ Political Humanitarian/Religious Technological Need for Markets Need for military bases White Man’s Burden New Medicine Raw Materials National security Spread of Christianity New Weapons Source of investments National Pride Social Darwinism Transportation

U.S. Colonialism Spanish-American War (1898) Latin America War started by desire to gain new American lands U.S. gains Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Latin America Panama Canal (1904-1914) U.S. supports Panamanian rebellion Allows U.S. to build canal connecting Atlantic-Pacific U.S. controls the canal Dollar Diplomacy Sending dollars over bullets

African Colonization Why Africa? Decline of the Ottoman Empire Vast unexplored land Un-unified, less developed, and small kingdoms Diverse geography Decline of the Ottoman Empire Makes Egypt, Northern Africa vulnerable End of slave trade Need new reason to be in Africa Vaccines Could go further into Africa without fear of disease

Scramble for Africa Egypt Congo Berlin Conference (1884-1885) British gain control of Suez Canal British become a ‘protectorate’ of Egypt Congo Belgium able to explore the ‘Heart of Africa’ Berlin Conference (1884-1885) Divided up Africa between European countries No African leaders included in the talks Division of Africa French own largest chunks of land British own the more valuable sections of land Germany late to imperialism, Italy gets embarrassed

Consequences of African Colonialism Colonies with more resources benefited European powers invested in schools, hospitals, infrastructure Most of Africa suffered, taken advantage of Slave trade took away members of society Exported natural resources to Europe Jobs created in Europe by turning resources into goods Selling resources doesn’t create jobs for Africa African natives treated poorly

British East India Company (1757-1858) Ruled India on behalf of Great Britain Replaced the Portuguese as the dominant European force in Asia Mistreated the native Indians Gained as a result of the Seven Years War (1763) At one point ran half of all the worlds trade Boston Tea Party a result of their tea monopoly Larger military than the actual British Army Dissolves after the Great Rebellion (1858)

Colonial India Mughal Empire (1526-1857) Genghis Khan, Taj Mahal India’s last Golden Age The Great Rebellion (1857-1858) Sepoys lead armed resistance Grease cartridges Pushback against British reforms/rule “Crown Jewel of the British Empire” Instituted reforms that benefited the elites of Indian society Neglected the needs of the majority Mass starvation Mahatma Gandhi Nonviolent resistance to British rule

Population Growth If the population of Africa were 100, this is the rate of growth for Africa, Europe, & Asia from 1650-1900

Colonization Videos Imperialism – Crash Course #35 https://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo What was the Scramble for Africa? – Armchair Historian https://youtu.be/VA4GlIjubcs The Mughal Empire – Crash Course #217 https://youtu.be/nbuM0aJjVgE