Age of Imperialism (1870 - 1914)

Imperialism is the domination of the political, economic or cultural aspects of another country or region by a nation.

Most Common Forms of Imperial Rule Colonies - direct control of another country Sphere of Influence- exclusive privileges that an imperial power has (e.g. trading). Protectorate - a country which has it's own government but whose policies are "guided" by an imperial power in exchange for protection

Six Motives for Imperialism Nationalism Economic Expansion - resources and trade Prestige and Power Religion Military Strategy Humanitarian (education, medicine) Old Imperialism: GOLD, GOD, GLORY

Two Types of Government Control 1. Direct Rule - total government control at all levels Paternalism - protecting a colony as a father would protect child Assimilation - cultures are absorbed by the parent country (policy of the French, Portuguese and Germans) 2. Indirect Rule - do not replace traditional governments, allows more independence British policy - had too many colonies to assimilate them all

Old Imperialism Motivated by the “Three Gs” Gold God Glory This is the era of imperialism before the Industrial Revolution

New Imperialism sources of raw materials for the factories Resulting from the Industrial Revolution Motivated by need for new: sources of raw materials for the factories markets to sell excess goods to

The Scramble for Africa How does the scramble for Africa reflect the new focus of imperialism

Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 to Divide Africa 1870s King Leopold claims Congo as his own kingdom, starts scramble for African territories Major nations meet in Germany to divide Africa diplomatically What ultimately resulted was a hodgepodge of geometric boundaries that divided Africa into fifty irregular countries. The new countries lacked rhyme or reason and divided coherent groups of people, or merged together disparate groups who really did not get along.