The United Nations Social 30

God originated nations and languages to keep man scattered. Genesis 11:1-9 God originated nations and languages to keep man scattered.

Two Directions In a sense, the course of world went in two directions following the Second World War: Internationalism the United Nations Nationalism the Cold War

Creation of the UN The first commitment to create a new organization came in 1941, when U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill announced the Atlantic Charter, in which they pledged to work toward a more effective system to keep world peace and promote cooperation. The USA, USSR, UK and China met in 1944 at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D.C., and drafted a charter for the new organization. They called the new league the United Nations. But they still could not agree to certain details, such as membership and voting rights. The four countries met again in early 1945 at a summit in Yalta, Ukraine. There, they settled their differences and called for a conference of nations to complete their work. On April 25, 1945, the United Nations Conference on International Organization convened in San Francisco. The delegates worked for two months to complete a charter for the UN that included its purpose, principles, and organizational structure.

Pre-UN, but important As an aside, Western-world leaders also met at Bretton Woods to set direction for the post-war financial world. Out of the meetings at Bretton Woods came the GATT and IMF, and establishment of the gold standard (we will talk about Bretton Woods again)

Fact Sheet—UN Established 1945 Headquarters in New York, NY Successor to the League of Nations Aim to preserve collective peace and security and to deal with the economic, social and cultural problems of the world Does have access to a military force USA and USSR or dominant players

Purpose and Principles of the UN Purposes maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and This is modified, there are others.

To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. Principles sovereign equality of all its Members. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state

Organization

General Assembly Security Council Includes all member nations Meets once a year Lots of discussion Often needs 2/3 of representatives to override SC Security Council Most powerful organ (maybe) Maintains peace and security Five permanent members, each has a veto China France Great Britain USA USSR (Russia) Ten elected, rotating members

Economic and Social Council Specialized agencies Initiates programs to prevent famine and disease across the world. Trusteeship Council Responsible for UN Trust Territories All 11 of the original trust territories have achieved self-government.

The International Court of Justice (World Court) Secretariat Administrative branch of UN Considerable executive power and political influence Power to set agendas and call meetings The International Court of Justice (World Court) Judicial arm Only nation-sates can bring cases to this court Can rule on interpretations of UN Charter This is different than the International Criminal Court

Peacekeeping and Peacemaking Talk about difference between peacekeeping and peacemaking

Peacekeeping Africa MINURCAT UNAMID UNMIS UNOCI UNMIL MONUC UNMEE MINURSO Americas MINUSTAH Asia and the Pacific UNMIT UNMOGIP Europe UNFICYP UNOMIG UNMIK Middle East UNDOF UNIFIL UNTSO

Cooperation versus Conflict For brief discussion: What are the pros and cons of both cooperation and conflict?

the United Nations "has failed to contain aggression, failed to stop proliferation, and failed to prevent genocide." -Mitt Romney Compare sources: what are the criticism of the UN? Counter arguments?

SS#11-4&7 SS#39-2