Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Born a slave Educated at Hampton Institute (VA) (in industrial ed) Founded his own school: Tuskegee Institute (1881) Wrote Up From Slavery (1901) Founded the National Negro Business League with A. Carnegie’s financial assistance His most famous speech was the so-called “Atlanta Compromise”
W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) Educated at Fisk University and Harvard (where he became the first African-American to earn a Ph.D.) Wrote The Souls of Black Folk in 1903 “The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line” Used a “veil” as an image of black double-consciousness Argued that a “talented tenth” was ready for higher education and liberal arts study DuBois and others founded the Niagara Movement in 1905 to protest legal segregation and the curtailment of voting rights