Warm Up: What would you do? Now that the Civil War is over, what would you do as president to “reunite” the nation?

Reconstruction & Its Aftermath 8-1 Reconstruction Plans

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Rebuilding the South LESSON 1 Big Idea The nation faced many problems in rebuilding the Union. Main Ideas President Lincoln and Congress differed in their views as Reconstruction began. The end of the Civil War meant freedom for African Americans in the South. President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Reconstruction Begins Main Idea 1 President Lincoln and Congress differed in their views as Reconstruction began. Reconstruction: the process of readmitting the former Confederate states to the Union, lasted from 1865 to 1877 Damaged South The South had been severely damaged by war— cities, towns, and farms had been ruined. Many southerners faced starvation. Banks failed, and merchants went bankrupt. continued… Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Lincoln’s Plan Wade-Davis Bill Thaddeus Stevens: Declared south should be broken Congressional “Radical” Republicans’ alternative to Lincoln’s plan 1st- majority of whites had to swear allegiance: 51% not 10% 2nd- Only those men could vote for reps in Congress 3rd- Former Rebels couldn’t hold public office 4th- Had to adopt state gov’t that abolished slavery They could be readmitted to Union Lincoln refused to sign the bill into law. Lincoln’s Plan The Ten Percent Plan offered amnesty, or official pardon, to southerners. Southerners had to swear allegiance to the Union and agree that slavery was illegal. New state governments could be formed once 10 percent of voters had made these pledges. Lincoln wanted to restore order quickly.

Freedom for African Americans Main Idea 2 The end of the Civil War meant freedom for African Americans in the South. Slavery Ends One thing Republicans agreed on was abolishing slavery. Lincoln urged Congress to propose the Thirteenth Amendment. Made slavery illegal in the United States The amendment was ratified, and took effect on December 18, 1865.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Main Idea 2 Slavery Ends Newly freed slaves faced many changes. Married couples could legalize their marriages. Families searched for members who had been sold away. Many moved from mostly white counties to places with more African Americans. Forty Acres to Farm? Freed people demanded same economic and political rights as white citizens. Many former slaves wanted their own land to farm. Many white planters refused to surrender their land. The U.S. government returned land to its original owners. continued… Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Freedmen’s Bureau Established by Congress in 1865 Provided relief for freed people and certain poor people in the South Food, Clothing, and Medical aid Distributed food and provided education and legal help Established 3,000 schools and several universities Helped freedmen acquire land (abandoned or seized by Union army) 40 acres and a mule Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Main Idea 3 President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction. A New President President Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865. Vice president Andrew Johnson became president. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but included the need for wealthy southerners and former Confederate officials to receive presidential pardons in order to receive amnesty. continued… Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Lincoln Assassinated! 14 April 1865- Lincoln & wife, Mary Todd Went to Ford’s Theatre to see play, Our American Cousin 5 days after Lee surrenders 4 yrs. To the day of fall of Fort Sumter to start the war John Wilkes Booth, actor and Rebel spy Enters into presidential booth undetected Shot Lincoln in back of the head Leapt from box onto stage, shouts Sic Temper Tyrannous, Latin for Thus Always to Tyrants Escapes in to chaos Aides carry Lincoln across street to Patterson house where he dies a few hours later Booth escapes into VA before being caught by Union army on April 26th Refuses to surrender and is shot to death in a barn Booth was mastermind in plot to kill all high gov’t officials at same time Court convicted 8 of the conspirators and saw 4 of them hanged Lincoln Assassination Eyewitness (Feb 9, 1956) (5:29) on poster The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (5:55) on picture

“Restoration” May 1865- Johnson announces his “Restoration” plan Part 1- southerners granted amnesty after swear oath to Union Part 2- Rebel Officers and officials could be pardoned Had to apply in person to the President Part 3- only whites who swore oath and were pardoned could vote Part 4- allowed new state gov’ts to decide on voting rts for blacks Part 5- states had to have convention where they denounced secession and must abolish slavery Had to ratify, sign into law the 13th Amendment, which abolishes slavery in all states By end of 1865 all rebel states had done these things except TX President Johnson declared “restoration” almost complete

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company New State Governments Johnson appointed a temporary governor to lead each state. States were required to revise their constitutions and declare that secession was illegal. States had to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment and refuse to pay Confederate debts. All southern states except Texas had created new governments by 1865. Johnson declared the Union to be restored, but Congress refused to readmit southern states into the Union because too many newly elected representatives had been leaders of the Confederacy. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Exit Ticket: Essential Question How did Lincoln’s death change the course of “Reconstruction?”