Sensation Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Taken from: James A. McCubbin, PhD

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Sensation Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Taken from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

Sensation & Perception a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy Perception a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Sensation & Perception Bottom-Up Processing analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information Top-Down Processing information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Prosopagnosia  Sensation  Perception a.k.a. “Face Blindness”

Sensation- Basic Principles Psychophysics study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them Light- brightness Sound- volume Pressure- weight Taste- sweetness

Sensation- Thresholds Absolute Threshold minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time 50%

Thresholds Do I taste it or not? When stimuli are detectable less than 50 percent of the time, they are "subliminal." Absolute threshold is the intensity at which we can detect a stimulus half the time.

Sensation- Thresholds Some info added from Essentials Psychology I Difference Threshold or Just Noticeable Difference (JND) Measures how much a stimulus must change before it becomes noticeably different The study of difference threshold or JND led to Weber’s law

Sensation- Thresholds Some info added from Essentials Psychology I Weber’s Law to perceive as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage light intensity- 8% weight- 2% tone frequency- 0.3% Law indicated that the more intense the stimulus, the more the stimulus intensity must be increased before a change is noticed i.e. if music was being played softly, a small increase in sound would be noticeable… if music were being played loudly, it would require a much greater increase in sound to perceive as different

Sensation- Thresholds Sensory adaptation diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Vision- Stabilized Images on the Retina Sensory adaptation: Now you see it, now you don't! (a) A projector mounted on a contact lens makes the projected image move with the eye. (b) Initially the person sees the stabilized image, but soon she sees fragments fading and reappearing.

Sensation- Thresholds Signal Detection Theory predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) detection depends partly on person’s experience expectations motivation level of fatigue