Introduction to Science Lesson 1: 4 Main Areas of Science

Bell Work What is Science? Why should we study science?

Today’s Agenda Bell Work 5 min clean up Notes Work on vocab Exit Slip

Biology – The Study of Life Life arose more than 3.5 billion years ago First organisms (living things) were single celled Only life on Earth for millions of years Organisms changed over time (evolved) Copyright Cmassengale

Themes of Biology Cell structure and function Stability and homeostasis Reproduction and inheritance Evolution Interdependence of organisms Matter, energy, and organization Copyright Cmassengale

DNA Genetic Information in all cells Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA contains instructions for traits GENES Make the structures and complex chemicals necessary for life PROTEINS DNA in every body cell (SOMATIC CELLS) is exactly alike Copyright Cmassengale

Evolution Populations of organisms change (evolve) over generations (time) Explains how many different kinds of organisms came into existence SPECIES Explains how modern organisms are related to past organisms Copyright Cmassengale

Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs Phototrophs – use solar energy (photosynthesis) to get energy Convert H2O and CO2 into sugar and O2 Chemotrophs – use different chemical processes to get energy Copyright Cmassengale

Heterotrophs Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs are called heterotrophs Consume autotrophs (herbivores), other heterotrophs (carnivores) or both (omnivores) for their energy needs Complex chemicals are broken down and reassembled into chemicals and structures needed by organisms Copyright Cmassengale

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry The study of: the composition (make-up) of matter the changes that matter undergoes

What is matter? Anything that: has mass and occupies space (volume).

Mass vs Weight Mass: a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. (SI unit kilogram, kg) Weight: The force with which the earth pulls on an object. (SI unit Newton, N)

The 5 Branches of Chemistry Inorganic Organic Analytical Physical Biochemistry

Inorganic Chemistry The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.

Organic Chemistry The study of chemicals that contain carbon. Origin: study of chemicals in living organisms.

Biochemistry Study of processes that take place in organisms.

Gravity: A Force of Attraction

Gravity is a force of attraction between objects. The atoms of one object pull on the atoms of another object. It's like the Earth pulling on you and keeping you on the ground. That pull is gravity at work.

All matter is affected by gravity Definition of matter: Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Since all matter has mass, all matter is affected by gravity. Gravity (aka: gravitational force) pulls objects towards each other. It acts on anything with mass.

What is weight? Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. Most of the time, when we’re talking about weight, we’re referring to the Earth’s gravitational force on an object. Since gravity is a force and weight is a measure of gravity, weight is expressed in newtons (N). On Earth, a 100 gram object would weigh 1 N.

Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 1

Bell Work 8/29/2018 What are the 4 main branches of science? Summarize what each one studies. Which one would you like to study?

Agenda Bell work Finish Notes Work on Science Stems

What is Earth Science? Earth science is the study of Earth and the universe around it Uses observations and experimentation to discover the causes of natural events

Branches of Earth Science There are four major areas of study: geology, oceanography, meteorology, & astronomy

Geology The study of the origin, history, processes, and structure of the solid Earth Examples: volcanologist studies volcanoes

Oceanography The study of Earth’s oceans Example: studying waves, tides, or ocean currents

Meteorology The study of Earth’s atmosphere, especially weather and climate Examples: meteorologists use Doppler radar to track storms

Astronomy The study of the universe beyond Earth Oldest branch of Earth Science Example: space exploration

Environmental Science Study of the way humans interact with their environment Example: effects of pollution, loss of biodiversity, use of natural resources

The Importance of Earth Science An understanding of natural forces can help predict potential disasters We also need to understand conservation of natural resources

Science Stems Each pair will get 4 science stems You will have to look up the meaning of that stem Use a dictionary You will then fill out the worksheet that is on your desk. You will need to cut each one out and glue it to a piece of construction paper. Take 1 of them and make a poster

For the poster BE CREATIVE You should have one of the squares You will need to show how it is related to science Look up different science fields Draw pictures using the stem and give examples of the stem.

Exit Slip Name and describe the 4 main areas of science.