The Skeletal System This ppt = 22 slides Total: A + B: 42 slides

I) Bones: An Overview A. Parts of Skeletal System STUDY QUESTIONS List the parts of the Skeletal System and **Define the Axial and Appendicular Subdivisions. A. Parts of Skeletal System Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments B. Subdivisions Define *Axial *Appendicular

C. Functions of Bones Explain STUDY QUESTION List and explain the Bone functions. *Support: *Protect: *Muscles: *Store: *Blood cell: D. Classification of Bones 1. Structural Types Compact bone Spongy bone STUDY QUESTION What are the two structural types of Bone and how are they different?

2. *Types by Shape ** List and Explain the Shape Types of Bones. Figure 5.1

D. Structure of a Long Bone 1. *Diaphysis- explain 2. *Epiphysis- explain 3. Periosteum 4. *Arteries 5. *Articular cartilage: explain 6. Epiphyseal plate = 7. Epiphyseal line = Study Question Identify and explain the anatomical areas of a long bone.

E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling Anatomy of a Long Bone … 8. *Medullary cavity: define *Location: *Types Marrow: define E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling 1. Growth & Formation: a. Dense connective plates, start as i) Specific types of bones: ? ii) Connective Tissue begins to be: iii) Eventually the bone replaces all membrane iv) In adult: The bone has Sutures:

E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling … b. Cartilage Models: i) Specific Types of bones: ? ii) Bones start out as Cartilage Models in fetus iii) Bone replaces cartilage: iii) Then only Epiphyseal Plates are left: iv) Then bone replaces plates and get Epiphyseal Line: Bone remodeling: give functions of cells below a. Osteocytes b. *Osteoclasts c. *Osteoblasts STUDY QUESTION Summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.

Bone Fractures c. Functions: i) Bone Health 2. Bone remodeling … c. Functions: i) Bone Health ii) Blood calcium level Homeostasis: iii) Response to Gravity & muscle activity: Bone Fractures *Fracture (Table 5.1)= Basic Types explain *Closed *Open 2. Treatment Reduction Immobilization Summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life. OBJECTIVES New Bone

Common Types of Fractures Table 5.2

g. Bone Markings and Functions Table 5.1 Projections or Processes = Functions: Depressions and Openings Sinus Foramen Canal 3. Articulate

II) The Axial Skeleton =

Human Skull, Anterior View Figure 5.11

A. The Skull Major Areas: Define & Functions *Cranium F P *Facial bones 1. CRANIUM Sutures Frontal Sagittal For Bones, Know: location & Articulations a) Parietal b) Frontal c) Temporal Carotid Canal Jugular Foramen F P T O Carotid Canal Jugular Foramen T O

2. FACIAL BONES: Location & Importance a) *Maxilla Hard Palate SKULL … Cranium … d) Occipital Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum 2. FACIAL BONES: Location & Importance a) *Maxilla Hard Palate b) *Mandible c) *Nasal d) *Zygomatic Only freely movable joint = Temporalmandibular Joint H.P. O.C. F.M. O N Z Max Man

Human Skull, Lateral View Figure 5.7

Human Skull, Inferior View Figure 5.9

C. The Fetal Skull Fontanels:

D. The Vertebral Column 1. *Parts location & number of vertebrae *Cervical *Thoracic *Lumbar *Sacrum *Coccyx 2. Intervertebral Discs Type of Tissue Shape Location Function

3. Curvatures a. Primary: Have At birth b. Secondary: Develop when The Vertebral Column … 3. Curvatures a. Primary: Have At birth b. Secondary: Develop when

4. Disorders ** STUDENTS DO FOLLOWING ** *Scoliosis *Herniated Disc

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