What’s so Great about Peter Absolute Ruler #2

After the Age of Exploration, FIVE European countries emerged and began to dominate Europe… ENGLAND FRANCE AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA http://www.youtube.com/user/onthegotours?v=gBIlCIGYk0U&feature=pyv

Covers over half the northern hemisphere…largest country in the world (land area) Vodka is HUGE----10% of the government income comes from sales Russian people believe they are the best kissers ever. The are officially called the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991 12 seas

What do you remember about Russia.... Ivan III ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505---conquered much of the territory around Moscow. Liberated Russia from Mongols. Centralized Russian Government Think Back……. What do you remember about Russia....

Boyar Policy Boyars: Boyar Policy: Russian nobles Ivan IV reduced the nobility’s threat to the throne by seizing their land and placing it under his control

Oprichniki Established by Ivan the Terrible A secret police force that was used to terrorize the Russian people

Before the Great… Ivan IV (The terrible) Rise of the Romanovs Rule disrupted by power struggles with boyars---landowning nobles Anastasia’s death Mass executions including oldest son Rise of the Romanovs Entered into Time of Troubles Romanov dynasty 1613-1917 Ivan IV accused the boyars of poisoning his wife so he killed everyone…organized a police force that dressed in black with black horses to hunt down “traitors” Russian cities chose the next czar----michael romanov

Insert Peter the Great One of Russia’s greatest reformers. Increased Czar’s power

Major Differences Russia Europe Feudalism—serfs on farms Eastern Orthodox Mongol Rule Geographic Isolation Rise in cities (merchant class) Catholic/Protestant Renaissance Age of Exploration Trade Economic/Military Expansion Western Europeans considered heretics and did not want anything to do with them

Quick Pause How could Peter the Great transform Russia? Could transforming Russia add to absolute authority?

Using Western Europe as a model to make Russia stronger Westernization Using Western Europe as a model to make Russia stronger

To Make Change, Force Change Ruling Absolutely To Make Change, Force Change

Reforms Took Control of Russian Orthodox Church Abolished office patriarch (head of church) Reduced power of the great landowners promoted poorer men to positions of authority Military hired European officers Imposed heavy taxes Needed to increase power to reform Russia Recruited men from lower level ranking families

Compare Peter’s Reforms to Tokugawa’s Reforms

Westernizing Russia Introduced Potatoes Raised women’s status Ordered Nobles to give up their clothes for Western Fashions Advanced Education

St. Petersburg Needed a seaport to promote education & travel Building city on a swamp Forced serfs to create the city Ordered nobles to leave Moscow Fought Sweden to gain St. Petersburg

The German States

The Thirty Years War Religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Protestant States v. Catholic States The Peace of Westphalia ends the war Divides the Holy Roman Empire into 30+ Kingdoms

Austria The Hapsburg family of Austria sets up a strong monarchy Most famous monarch – Maria Theresa (1740) http://www.austria.info/us

Prussia Very militaristic Becomes the most powerful of the German states The heart of modern-day Germany