Reformation Spreads Subtitle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ3AFZXXX-k

Divisions in Protestantism

Zwingli In Zürich, Switzerland, Ulrich Zwingli was influential in reforming the Catholic Church. His Protestant movement spread through Switzerland.

John Calvin Calvin believed in an all-powerful God and the idea of predestination—the belief that God had predestined some people to be saved (the elect). Faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic Calvin’s ideas led to the rise of Calvinism, which soon became more popular than Lutheranism.

Reformation in England Rooted in Politics

King Henry VIII Established the Church of England when the pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. The Act of Supremacy of 1534 declared the king of England the official head of religious doctrine, with control over discipline, clerical appointments, and breaking ties with the pope. Henry’s Church of England was very similar to Catholicism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

Mary I In 1553, Henry’s daughter, Mary, came to power Attempted to restore Roman Catholicism Her efforts, including the burning of more than 300 Protestants, earned her the nickname of “Bloody Mary.”

Elizabeth I Established the Anglican Church as the national church of England Is tolerant of religious dissenters (those who disagreed with the break from the Catholic Church) Commissioned the 39 Articles Philip II of Spain tried to invade England to restore Catholicism to the island nation. In 1588, the Spanish armada was defeated by the faster English ships.

Portrait of Elizabeth commemorating the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), depicted in the background. Elizabeth's hand rests on the globe, symbolizing her international power.

The Reformation had its roots in disagreements about theology, but it led to important economic and political changes. Religious differences and hatreds caused war and destruction.

Reformation in Germany Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending the authority of the Pope in their states. The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church. Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).

Reformation in France After more than 30 years of war between Catholics and Protestants, the Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes. Cardinal Richelieu exploited the religious conflict (Thirty Years’ War) for political ends.

Catholic Reformation Counter-Reformation: The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices. The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) was founded by Ignatius of Loyola to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine.

Exit Ticket John Calvin, a French theologian, advocated that God had preordained the fate of all people. This was called A nirvana. B reincarnation. C predestination. D karma

The Anglican Church became a national church throughout the British Isles under Henry VIII. Elizabeth I. Charles V. Philip II.

The Edict of Nantes granted freedom of worship to the— Huguenots Lutherans Calvinists Jesuits

Why did the Catholic Church start the Inquisition? To praise Protestant reformers To convert the Native Americans to Catholicism To punish priests for selling indulgences To reinforce Catholic doctrine

Impact on Western Civilization At first, the Reformation divided the countries of Europe on religious principles, leading to religious intolerance. Power in most European states was concentrated in the monarch. Gradually, religious toleration emerged.

Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies Growth of secularism Growth of individualism Eventual growth of religious tolerance

Role of the Printing Press Growth of literacy was stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press. The Bible was printed in English, French, and German. These factors had an important impact on spreading the ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e2bA3tTYow