Lifestyle diseases and the impact of training Learning Objectives To understand different lifestyle diseases that occur to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. To understand why these diseases occur. To be able to explain the effect of training on these diseases.

Task 1 Answer the following questions about each disease from reading the information on the sheets. You can highlight the sheets and keep them. What are the causes of the disease? Can you draw a picture to represent what happens? What are the symptoms of this disease? How can the disease be treated? What are the suggested prevention methods of the disease?

Fill in the blanks Leading an_________, sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for_____, almost doubling the risk of a fatal heart__________. Exercise can reduce the overall risk of developing some form of CHD by approximately 30%. Regular training can: Reduce the levels of blood _______ and overall cholesterol and increase the proportion of HDL to LDL cholesterol. This slows down the development of________________. Prevent the hardening and loss of __________ in the arterial walls due to regular vasoconstriction and___________. This slows down the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Decrease bloody viscosity and the resistance to blood_______. This will help to prevent blood _________ from forming and reduce blood___________. Increase coronary circulation as coronary __________ gain an increased diameter and density. This will help reduce the risk of heart attacks. Lead to cardiac _______________, increase ventricular contractility and stroke ___________, which increases the efficiency of the heart. Resting heart rate can lower and the _____________ on the heart is reduced. This will lower blood pressure and help reduce the risk of heart attacks. Decrease body ________ and help manage weight which will reduce the strain placed on the heart. Increase blood flow and oxygen _______________ to the muscle cells, making it easier to perform exercise and reduce the onset of __________, this will reduce the strain placed on the heart and lower blood pressure. Reduce the risk of a stroke by 27% by lowering blood ___________ and maintaining a healthy weight.

Fill in the blanks Leading an inactive, sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for CHD, almost doubling the risk of a fatal heart attack. Exercise can reduce the overall risk of developing some form of CHD by approximately 30%. Regular training can: Reduce the levels of blood lipids and overall cholesterol and increase the proportion of HDL to LDL cholesterol. This slows down the development of atherosclerosis. Prevent the hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls due to regular vasoconstriction and dilation. This slows down the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Decrease bloody viscosity and the resistant to blood flow. This will help to prevent blood clots from forming and reduce blood pressure. Increase coronary circulation as coronary arterioles gain an increased diameter and density. This will help reduce the risk of heart attacks. Lead to cardiac hypertrophy, increase ventricular contractility and stroke volume, which increases the efficiency of the heart. Resting heart rate can lower and the strain on the heart is reduced. This will lower blood pressure and help reduce the risk of heart attacks. Decrease body fat and help manage weight which will reduce the strain placed on the heart. Increase blood flow and oxygen transportation to the muscle cells, making it easier to perform exercise and reduce the onset of fatigue, this will reduce the strain placed on the heart and lower blood pressure. Reduce the risk of a stroke by 27% by lowering blood pressure and maintaining a healthy weight.

Task 2 Respiratory disease is characterised by one or several diseases of the airways or alveoli. They can cause difficulties with breathing and severely reduce quality of life. Construct the 2 paragraphs about respiratory diseases.

Asthma Asthma is characterised by constriction of the bronchial airways and inflammation of the mucous membranes, which restrict the airways and limit breathing. Symptoms of shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing are seen in response to drying the airway membranes and the presence of an allergen. Asthma can also be exercise-induced (EIA) when the air is cold and dry, such as winter sports and ice-based sports and swimming due to pollutants in the water. The use of inhalers, warm ups and respiratory muscle training means athletes are no longer forced to not perform.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases COPD is an umbrella term for several conditions of the lungs where the airways become inflamed or narrowed. Over time, the inflammation leads to permanent changes such as thickening of the bronchiole walls, increased mucus production, damage to the alveoli and a decrease in lung tissue elasticity. COPD includes asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Symptoms of persistent coughing, breathing difficulties, regular chest infections and reduced lung capacity lead to an inability to exercise and reduced quality of life.

Fill in the blanks Smoking is the biggest risk factor for developing respiratory diseases. However, leading a sedentary lifestyle will limit the use of the lower lobes of the lung tissue, increasing the risk of infection. Physical activity can have a significant preventative effect on developing respiratory disease and can be very effective in the treatment of some respiratory disorders. Regular training can: Increase respiratory muscle strength, which decreases respiratory effort and alleviates the symptoms of asthma Decrease resting and sub-maximal frequency of breathing, reducing the onset of fatigue and making everyday tasks easier With the use of inspiratory muscle training, increase airflow and alleviate breathlessness, reducing the necessity for medication and enhancing quality of life Maintain full use of lung tissue and elasticity, decreasing the risk of infection associated with COPD Increase the surface area of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries, maximising the efficiency of gaseous exchange and the health of respiratory membranes. A warm up of 10-30 minutes at 50-60% of HRmax provides a period of approximately 2 hours protection against EIA attack.

Fill in the blanks _________ is the biggest risk factor for developing respiratory ________. However, leading a _________ lifestyle will limit the use of the lower lobes of the lung tissue, increasing the risk of ________. Physical activity can have a significant preventative effect on developing respiratory disease and can be very effective in the treatment of some respiratory disorders. Regular training can: Increase respiratory ________ strength, which decreases respiratory effort and alleviates the symptoms of asthma Decrease resting and sub-maximal _________ of breathing, reducing the onset of _________ and making everyday tasks easier With the use of inspiratory muscle training, increase airflow and alleviate ___________, reducing the necessity for medication and enhancing quality of life Maintain full use of lung ________ and elasticity, decreasing the risk of infection associated with COPD Increase the surface area of _________ and pulmonary capillaries, maximising the efficiency of gaseous __________ and the health of respiratory membranes. A warm up of 10-30 minutes at 50-60% of HRmax provides a period of approximately 2 hours protection against EIA attack.