Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis among Patients with Psoriasis: A Population-Based Study  Ryan T. Lewinson, Isabelle A. Vallerand, Mark W. Lowerison, Laurie M. Parsons, Alexandra D. Frolkis, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Andrew G.M. Bulloch, Mark G. Swain, Scott B. Patten, Cheryl Barnabe  Journal of Investigative Dermatology  Volume 137, Issue 4, Pages 828-835 (April 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.032 Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study flow diagram. The figure shows the approach for identifying eligible patients with psoriasis within THIN and then identifying those who subsequently developed major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). THIN, The Health Improvement Network. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2017 137, 828-835DOI: (10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier failure curves with development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) as outcome. Here, it can be seen that study follow-up was up to 25 years, and that a greater proportion of individuals developed PsA in the MDD group (black) compared with the no-MDD group (dotted gray). Beyond 15 years of follow-up time, there were few patients remaining in observation in the MDD group (median time to PsA from MDD diagnosis of 2.9 years), and few developing the PsA outcome. MDD, major depressive disorder. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2017 137, 828-835DOI: (10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions