Ch. 1 A New World of Many Cultures

Bering Sea Land Bridge Migration Key Concepts 1.1.I.A, 1.1.I.B, 1.1.I.C, 1.1.I.D

Key Concepts 1.1.I.A, 1.1.I.B, 1.1.I.C, 1.1.I.D

Native Culture and Lifestyle Nomadic OR Sedentary Adapted to regional environment Agricultural influence from Olmec/Mayans “Three Sisters” Politics and Economics Tribal councils or Chiefs Communal ownership; no sense of private property Language 20 different language families Algonquian, Siouan, Athabaskan No written language Family and Gender Roles Kinship Mostly matrilineal Women shared in labor except hunting Animism Hunting and horticultural religions Shaman Spirit guide Key Concepts 1.1.I.A, 1.1.I.B, 1.1.I.C, 1.1.I.D

Native Lifestyle and Culture Eastern Woodlands/Northeast Geography Rolling hills and dense forests Tribes Wampanoag Iroquois Confederacy Cayugas, Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagas, Seneca Powhatan Diet Maize, beans, squash Culture Hunter-gatherers Warriors Matrilineal Longhouses Wampum

Native Lifestyle and Culture Eastern Woodlands/Mississippian/Southeast Geography River systems Tribes Adena-Hopewell, Creek Diet Maize, fish, beans, squash Culture Earthwork pyramid mounds Pottery, copper tools Chiefdoms and trade networks Social hierarchy and priesthood Cahokia, c. 1100 CE Kincaid - Illinois Great Serpent Mount - Ohio

Native Lifestyle and Culture Great Plains Geography Grasslands and prairies Tribes Sioux, Cheyenne, Apache Diet Buffalo Culture Nomadic Tepees

Native Lifestyle and Culture Southwest Geography Arid, rocky, desert Tribes Anasazi, Pueblo, Hokokam Diet Maize, beans, squash Culture Irrigation systems Cave and cliff dwellings

Native Lifestyle and Culture Pacific Northwest/California/Great Basin Geography Cedar forests Tribes Pacific Northwest: Chinook California/Great Basin: Nez Perce Diet Pacific Northwest: Fish (salmon) California/Great Basin: Berries, nuts Culture Pacific Northwest Plank homes Totem poles Canoes California/Great Basin Nomadic hunter-gatherers Totem poles – Pacific Northwest

Europe Before Exploration Renaissance Technological innovations Growth of Nation-States England, France, Spain, Portugal, Holland Protestant Reformation and Religious Wars Lutheranism Calvinism Predestination Church of England aka Anglican Church Catholic Counter- Reformation Key Concepts 1.2.I.A, 1.2.I.C

European Colonization God Glory Gold Spain Christopher Columbus (1492) France Jacques Cartier (1534) Dutch Henry Hudson (1609) England Charter Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Royal Colonies Key Concepts 1.2.I.A, 1.2.I.C

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Key Concepts 1.2.I.A, 1.2.I.C

European Colonies Key Concepts 1.2.I.A, 1.2.I.C

Columbian Exchange Key Concepts 1.2.I.A, 1.2.I.B, 1.2.I.C, 1.2.II.A

Natives and Europeans “Our fathers had plenty of deer and skins, our plains were full of deer, as also our woods, and of turkies, and our coves full of fish and fowl. But these English have gotten our land, they with scythes cut down the grass, and with axes fell the trees; their cows and horses eat the grass, and their hogs spoil our clam banks, and we shall all be starved.” – Miantonomi, Narragansett sachem, 1642. Key Concepts 1.2.III.A, 1.2.III.B, 1.2.III.C

The Spanish in America Royal Colonies Council of Indies Viceroys Relations with Natives Catholic Conversion and Missions Pueblo Revolt (1680) Labor Encomienda System Asiento System Spanish Caste System Key Concept 1.2.II.A, 1.2.II.B, 1.2.II.C, 1.2.II.D, 2.1.I.A

Jesuits and Catholic Conversion Fur Trade The French in America Royal Colonies Jesuits and Catholic Conversion Fur Trade Coureurs de Bois (runner of the woods) Native Relations Trade Networks Alliances Intermarriage Key Concepts 1.2.III.A, 1.2.III.B, 1.2.III.C, 2.1.I.B

The English in America Charters and Joint-Stock Companies Population Growth Indentured Servants Native Relations Early Native Assistance Animosity and Exclusion Anglo-Powhatan Wars Pequot Wars (1636-1638) King Philip’s War (1675-1678) Key Concepts 1.2.III.A, 1.2.III.B, 1.2.III.C, 2.1.I.C

Smallpox and Natives c. 1575-1580 Key Concept 1.2.II.A

Smallpox Key Concept 1.2.II.A