Passive houses
The passive house criteria Passive House Institute Darmstadt: Heating energy demand <15 kWh/m2year Total primary energy consumption <120 kWh/m2year Air-tightness: n50 < 0,6 h-1
Case study: Kranichstein, Darmstadt and the total energy demand recommended to be kept lower than 42 Kh/m2 year. The passive house built in Darmstand-Kranchstein in Germany will be taken as an example to understand what the passive house is.
The thermal insulation
The thermal insulation External wall construction: A masony sand-lime block wall with gypsum plaster inside. Outside a double-layer with an insulation thickness fixed as an outside mineral cast. The construction has a U-value of 0,138W/(m²K)
The thermal insulation The unheated spaces are thermally separated closed thermal envelope extremely good insulation properties air-tightness
Thermal bridges
Superwindows in the passive house
superwindows The windows are the passive solar « collectors » of the house. The surface temperatures in the interior do not drop down 17°C. This effect is important for good comfort in a room that has no radian heat sources
superwindows The 3- pale superglazing used in the passive house In each space between panes, one surface is reflective for the termal radiation. In the panes the exterior and interior are coated
superwindows The influence of the south-facing glazed area on the annual heat requirement shows the heating savings that are achievable through solars gains thanks to large facing glazing.
superwindows The CO2- foamed polyurethane mouldings for the windows were glued onto the outside of the frame and screwed on inside
Air-tightness
airtightness The pressurization test result shows that houses are too airtight to ensure hygienic insulation and there are not airtight enough to permit a functionning controlled ventilation system. The low-energy houses can be satisfied without trouble
airtightness Polyethene foils ensure the airtghtness of the roof construction: at the same time, the foils forms a vapour barrier preventing the moistures onto the cavities The foile were tacked in large sheets directly bemow the battens. The tacking points are convered with adesive strips
Hibahely keresés (hézagok) Blower-door rendszer Hibahely keresés (hézagok) Légáram mérés V50 [m3/h]
Blower door
Leakage detection kézzel anemométerrel füstgenerátorral termovízióval
Avoid gaps
Ventilation system
The ventilation system Cross section of ventilation system : The subsoil heat exchanger The channel of air
The subsoil heat exchanger Reduce heat losses with a highly counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger More than 80% of heat recovery was measured
The subsoil heat exchanger Put in place directly after excavating : flexible plastic pipes High-performance filter at the fresh air inlet (to prevent soiling of the subsoil heat exchanger piping).
The channel of air After flowing through the counterflow, the air is drawn to the living room on the northem and southem sides of the house.
Water heating with flat solar collectors The flat solar thermal collector was fitted on the roof of of the passive house.
Water heating with flat solar collectors The flat solar collectors contribute a solar fraction of about 66% of domestic hot water demand.
Heat generation
Efficient electricity used The average electricity consumption : 11,65 kWh/(m²a) savings : 62,4 % The ventilation system accounted : 2,9 kWh/(m²a)
PASSIVE HOUSE COMPACT UNIT drexel und weiss aerosmart
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR
Thank you for your attention!