307: Valuing Diversity Thursday, April 04, 2019

Agenda THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY Culture Definitions Characteristics of Culture Cultural Competence Steps to Achieving Cultural Competence IDENTIFYING CULTURAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Origin of Values and Beliefs Exploring Our Values and Beliefs The Cycle of Prejudice and Oppression Suggestions for Maintaining Objectivity and Productivity The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program

CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION The Four Minute Sell Communication Tendencies The Cultural-Context Inventory General Principles of Effective Cross Cultural Communication Some Cultural and Communicative Tendencies of Four American Subgroups TAKING ACTION Ally Behavior Cultural Diversity Continuum Increasing Cultural Competence in Services Next Steps The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Training Program

Competencies and Learning Objectives The Competency: The child welfare professional understands the concept of cultural competence; knows how one's own culture affects behavior and values; and knows how cultural and ethnic differences may affect the delivery of child welfare service

Participants will be able to: Learning Objectives Participants will be able to: Define the primary and secondary dimensions of culture, cultural diversity and cultural competence Identify characteristics of culture Identify their own cultural values, how these values contrast with cultural values of others, and the impact cultural values have on one's attitudes and behaviors Recognize the various aspects of cross cultural communication Develop techniques to increase cultural awareness

Culture is… the framework that guides and bounds life practices; not a rigidly prescribed set of behaviors or characteristics, but rather the framework through which actions are filtered or checked as individuals go about their daily life.

-Wade Nobles Definition of Culture Culture represents the vast structure of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, habits, beliefs, customs, language, rituals, ceremonies and practices "peculiar" to a particular group of people, and it provides them with: (1) a general design for living and (2) patterns for interpreting reality. Culture determines how we see the world and the way we see the world is reflected in our behavior. -Wade Nobles

Primary and Secondary Dimensions of Diversity Education Work Background Income Marital Status Military Experience Religious Beliefs Geographic Location Parental Age Race Gender Ethnicity Physical Abilities/ Qualities Sexual/ Affectional Orientation (Reece & Brandt, 2006)

Definition of Acculturation “Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also: a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact.” -Merriam Webster’s Dictionary

Acculturative Attitude Styles Value in maintaining cultural identity? Yes No Integration Assimilation Separation Marginalization Value in maintaining relationships with host group? (Berry, 1994, 2001)

Characteristics of Culture Every human being has a culture. Culture is learned. It is not innate or biological. Culture is dynamic. It changes over time. A large component of culture is below the level of conscious expression. People can belong to many different subcultures. Culture gives us a range of permissible behavior patterns

Characteristics of Culture, Cont’d. Culture determines the way we think, feel, act, perceive the world, respond to situations, etc. Therefore, culture consists of values, beliefs, and rules of conduct. A society's institutions reflect the culture and its underlying beliefs and values. Culture is a "group" phenomenon. It must be shared. Culture reflects tradition, having been passed from one generation to another. Our culture determines how we respond to problems and daily interactions with others, etc. Cultures no longer exist in isolation.

Components of Cultural Competence Cultural Knowledge Cultural Awareness Cultural Sensitivity (King, Sims, & Osher)

having the capacity to function in a particular way; to have skills; Competence means… having the capacity to function in a particular way; to have skills; to have a level of mastery in a situation.

Definition of Cultural Competence {Individual} "The state of being capable of functioning effectively in the context of cultural differences."

Privilege, Pride, and Prejudice Cycle of Prejudice and Oppression MYTH Misinformation Missing Information Stereotypes SOCIALIZATION BEHAVIOR Reinforced by Institutions, Culture Government, Media Family, Education Religion, Peers Prejudiced Behavior Oppressive Behavior INTERNALIZATION Lies & Myths = Truth Difference = Deficit Credit to Bailey Jackson & Rita Hardiman Adapted by Joan Olsson 1988 Cultural Bridges 268 B Pope Rd. Tobyhanna, PA 18466

The Four-Minute Sell by Janet Elsea Skin Color Gender Age Appearance Facial Expressions Eye Contact Movement Personal Space Touch (Elsea, 1984)

Aspects of Communication Silence Dominance Behaviors Volume Touching Personal Space Eye Contact and Feedback Behaviors Interruption and Turn-Taking Behaviors Gesturing Facial Expression

Five Dimensions of Human Activity ASSOCIATION INTERACTION TERRITORIALITY LEARNING TEMPORALITY (Hall, 1959)

The Four Spaces Personal Space Intimate Space Social Space Public Space (Hall, 1966)

Marking Time at nine o’clock at twenty-one hundred hours at sunset when everything is ready when everyone is here when I’m good and ready When is the right time? People of different cultural backgrounds may give different answers to this question: (Hall, 1983)

Patterns of High/Low Context in Various Cultures MEDIUM MEDIUM-LOW LOW Latin America Middle East United States Scandinavia Asia France Germany Africa Italy Spain Greece Women Men Rural Urban (Hall, 1976)

Cultural Context Discussion How has membership in various cultural groups influenced your behavior? How do you feel and behave with someone from a different culture? What are the drawbacks of your own high- or low-context orientation? What are the advantages? What are some of the challenges that you face in working with those whose scores are very different from your own? How might you meet some of those challenges? What are some benefits of working with those whose scores are very different from your own? How might you capitalize on those benefits?

What Would I Give Up? What would I give up by acting against oppression? How am I benefiting from continuing the cycle of prejudice and oppression? What price am I paying for my "isms"? What limits do I place on helping to change oppression and prejudice?

Percent Minority of the U.S. Population (Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.)