Chapter 10 Lesson 4 The Road to War

I Conflict with Native Americans A. About 900,000 white settlers moved west between 1790 and 1810. B. Native Americans resented these settlers for taking land, building farms and hunting animals the Natives needed for food. C. Fighting often broke out between the two groups. D. 1791- Natives led a resistance using British muskets. Drove white settlers from areas of Ohio.

E. President Washington sent General Anthony Wayne into Ohio in 1794 E. President Washington sent General Anthony Wayne into Ohio in 1794. Well-trained army defeated the Indians. F. 1795- Natives signed the Treaty of Greenville, giving up land that would later become part of Ohio. Received $20k and the promise of more if they remained peaceful.

II Tecumseh’s Confederation Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Settlers were pushing further west into Native American territory. Natives, including two Shawnee leaders- Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, vowed to keep settlers from taking more Indian land. Tecumseh taught that the white ways corrupted the Native American way of life.

E. Many Natives depended on white trade goods, such as muskets, cloth, cooking pots and whiskey. F. They believed turning to the “old ways” would help the Indians resist the white invaders. G. 1808- The Prophet built a village called Prophetstown for his followers along Tippah Creek in Indiana territory. H. Natives came from all over to hear his message.

Tecumseh worked to organize Indian nations into a confederation (league). Impressed white leaders. J. Rivalries kept Tecumseh from organizing all the tribes. K. Gov. William Harrison marched 1,000 soldiers against Prophetstown in 1811.

L. Tecumseh was away, so Prophet led a surprise attack against the troops. Both sides suffered many losses at the Battle of Tippecanoe. M. Harrison’s troops defeated the Prophet’s forces and destroyed the village. Whites saw this as a major victory. N. Natives continued to resist white settlement.

III A Push Toward War British were supplying guns and ammunition to the Native Americans, encouraging attacks on Americans. Congress authorized President Madison to offer the British and French a deal. 1. If either the British or French stopped seizing American ships, the U.S. would halt trade with the other nations. 2. Napoleon announced it would respect U.S. neutrality. 3. U.S. continued trade with France but stopped trade with Britain.

D. Members of Congress from the South and West wanted war. C. In New England, many merchants wanted to restore trade with Britain. D. Members of Congress from the South and West wanted war. 1. Known as War Hawks 2. Stirred by strong sense of nationalism. 3. Felt Britain was still treating U.S. as a colony 4. Most outspoken was Henry Clay of Kentucky. 5. Saw advantages to war, such as gaining land in Canada and Florida, and bringing lasting safety to settlers on the frontier. E. Congress declares war in June 1812 after Britain blockaded some American ports.