Identifying experimental method: one sample; independent sample; dependent or paired sample

One sample compared to population Example: We have 20 people who we test on IQ we compare them to the known mean population IQ of 100

Two Independent Samples Between Group Experiment: Participants randomly assigned to groups Example – we have 100 participants; 50 randomly assigned to take one drug; 50 assigned to another. Natural Experiment – particpants randomly selected from pre-existing groups Example – 50 men chosen at random; compared to 50 women chosen at random

Dependent or Paired Samples Matched Groups – individuals pairs of participants pre-matched Example - Two textbooks are compared – but pairs of participants are matched in terms of reading level Within-group – participants performance in one condition compared to themselves Example – Participants are compared on their reaction time to soft noises and loud noises