INFOCODING BASICS & EXAMPLES OF CURRENT USE

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Presentation transcript:

INFOCODING BASICS & EXAMPLES OF CURRENT USE (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder INFOCODING BASICS & EXAMPLES OF CURRENT USE Introduction to Computer Science Using Ruby

ASCII: Tables & Description American Standard Code for Information Interchange Computers represent data as numbers, so an ASCII code is the numerical representation of a character such as ‘a’ or ‘@’ or an action of some sort ASCII was introduced more then half a century ago, so it includes non-printing characters that are rarely used for their original purpose See enclosed the ASCII character table(s) which include descriptions of the first 32 non-printing characters Originally, ASCII was designed for use with teletypes and so the descriptions are somewhat obscure (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

ASCII: Tables and Descriptions If an ASCII format document is requested, this means that the document should contain just ‘plain’ text with no formatting such as tabs, bold, or underscoring (raw format) This is usually done so that such document can easily be imported into almost all applications Notepad creates ASCII text, or in MS Word you can save a file as ‘text only’ (.txt) (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

ASCII Originally used 128 codes (7 bits) The 8 bit ASCII was 7 bit info and one bit for data assurance (parity bit) Later extended to 256 codes (8 bits) The extension was divided into two parts: “Unused” codes 128-159 “Allowed” codes 160-255 Never really observed, THUS ISO 8859!! (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

ASCII & UNICODE ASCII is still heavily used today Being gradually replaced by a new coding standard called UNICODE Comes in different encodings Most prevalent are UTF-8 (one byte codes) and UTF-16 (two byte codes) (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

UNICODE: UTF-8 & UTF-16 The first 128 codes in UTF-8 are identical to the ASCII codes ASCII coded files can usually be processed by programs that assume UTF-8 coding UTF-16 coding covers non-Latin character sets Far Eastern character sets (i.e., Indian, Thai, Japanese Kana) Ideograms (i.e., Korean) Pictograms (i.e., Chinese, Japanese Kanji) As symbols evolve and change, so does UNICODE (i.e., simplified Chinese) (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

ASCII Code Standardized under ISO 8859, creating standard extended codes (codes 128-255) Major variants are: ISO 8859 - 1 Latin ISO 8859 - 2 Eastern European ISO 8859 - 3 Cyrillic Microsoft has its own ASCII version called “code page 1252” which is ISO 8859 – 1 compatible, but uses the “unused” codes 128- 159 (c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

ASCII: Generic

Extended ASCII Codes

(c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

(c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

(c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

(c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

(c) 2010 Gideon Frieder

Structure of QR Code & Highlights of Functional Elements From Wikipedia 2011