Energy Chapter 11.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Chapter 11

Energy and Work Throwing a ball. KEbefore + W = KEafter 0 + = 0 + = Catching a ball + = 0

Kinetic Energy Again KE = 1/2 mv2 An 875 kg car travels 22m/s. Find the KE of the car. KE = 2.12x105J The car speeds up to 44m/s Find the KE. KE = 8.47x105J How much work is done on the car to speed it up? ∆KE = W W = 6.35x105J

Stored Energy Energy does not have to be in the form of movement. Energy can be stored based on an objects position or its chemical makeup. This is called Potential Energy. (Either PE or U) Matter is a form of potential energy - can be converted to energy by nuclear reactions. (E=mc2)

Gravitational Potential Energy Stored energy based on an objects height above the ground. W = Fd Fg = mg Wgravity = mgd d we call the height (h) from our zero point Wgravity = mgh ∆PE = mg∆h - does not come from g but from h

Practice A 50 kg mountain climber ascends from 10m above the base of a mountain to 100m above the base. What is the change in the PE of the mountain climber? ∆PE = mg∆h = 50kg x 9.8m/s2 x 90m = 4.41x104J

Elastic Potential Energy Energy can be stored elastically in a pulled bow, rubber band, a bent object or a spring. For a spring: PE = 1/2 kx2 k is the spring constant x is the displacement from the reference point.

Building the Work Energy Theorem Work also affects and is affected by potential energy. Initial Energy + Work = Final Energy KEi + PEgi +PEsi + Uint + W = KEf + PEgf + PEsf + Uint

Conservation of Energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed but rather is converted from one form of energy to another. Therefore the initial energy of a system must be equal to the final energy of a system. The universe is a system so the amount of energy in the universe is finite. Possible forms of energy include: mechanical, electrical, thermal, sound, nuclear, chemical, and electromagnetic.

Ball in the Air Throwing a ball straight up into the air contains interactions of kinetic and gravitational potential energy. Start End Middle

Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is the sum of the KE and PE in a system. MEinitial = MEfinal PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf A large chunk of ice with a mass of 15.0kg falls to the ground from an 8.0m roof. What is the KE of the ice just before it reaches the ground? KE = PE = mgh = 1.18x103J How fast is it moving just before it reaches the ground? KE = 1/2mv2 v = 12.5m/s

Loss of ME A pendulum will not swing forever. Friction and air resistance will turn some mechanical energy into thermal energy.

Practice A 35kg roller skater is on top of a 45m hill. How fast is the roller skater traveling at the bottom of the hill? PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf mgh + 0 = 0 + 1/2mv2 mgh = 1/2mv2 v =29.7m/s

The skater proceeds up the next hill The skater proceeds up the next hill. If a total work done by friction on the roller skates and air resistance is 5000J, how far up the next hill will the skater go? PEi + KEi + Wf = PEf + KEf mgh + 0 - 5000J = mgh + 0 15435J - 5000J = mgh 10435J = (35kg)(9.8m/s2)h h = 30.4m

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