Week 2: Mixing Substances

What is Matter? Matter is stuff! It is everything around you Scientifically, it is anything that takes up space and has mass Matter can be solid, liquid, or gas Elaborate on stuff: air, water, desk, food, etc. What is mass? a measure of the amount of matter in a particular object solid, liquid, or gas -- these are states. also called “phases”

Examples of phases of matter

Atoms and Elements Atoms are the smallest, most basic unit of matter There’s not just one kind of atom—there are 118!! (that we know of) Each of these is called an element All matter is made of atoms many different kinds of atoms exist - we call each an element Different elements have different chemical and physical properties

Compounds Compounds are atoms from different elements put together in a fixed combination These atoms are joined together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties than the atoms that make it up Elaborate on “Fixed combination”: analogy of letters and words letters are the atoms, words are the compounds ie: Water is always gonna be comprised of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen, arranged like the picture Chemical bonds are the “glue” that holds compounds together Different properties: ie: Oxygen is different from water. tell the kids to imagine drinking oxygen or breathing water.

What is a Substance? A substance is a group of one type of matter It could be made of either an element or compound—but it has to be pure But it could be solid, liquid, or gas “Group” means a collection/bulk amount of something. ie: a bucket full of ____, a beaker of <element>, bowl of milk Pure, as in just that one substance Substances can be in any phase (remind kids what phases are)

Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances But, there is no chemical reaction -- Each substance stays the same They just mix! No chemical reaction means that the compounds or elements stay unchanged

Homogenous vs. Heterogenous “Homogeneous” means uniform. In a homogeneous mixture, each substance is distributed evenly throughout and looks similar “Heterogeneous” means varied. In a heterogeneous mixture, the substances are visible, dissimilar, and irregularly distributed Give examples of homogeneous mixtures Give examples of heterogeneous mixtures - picture above: oil vs. water because they don’t mix

Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture made up of a solvent and one or more solutes The solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance that it is mixed with The solute is the substance that is dissolved Make sure to classify solutions as a type of mixture Dissolve means to use a liquid to break apart a solid substance into its liquid state Solvents are usually the substance in greater quantity in the mixture. most commonly water solutes are substances that are usually lesser in quantity.

Suspension A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that consists large particles spread throughout a liquid The particles are visible Some suspensions will settle, others will continue to be suspended Give examples of heterogeneous mixtures

Vocabulary Review/List Matter - anything that takes up space and has mass Compound - 2 or more CHEMICALLY combined elements (not easily separated from each other) ex: water (H2O), CO2 Substance - A substance is a group of one type of matter Mixture - a mixture is a combination of two or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction. Heterogeneous - substances are visible, dissimilar, and irregularly distributed Homogenous - each substance is distributed evenly throughout and looks similar Solution - a homogeneous mixture made up of a solvent and one or more solutes Solvent - a substance that dissolves another substance that it is mixed with Solute - the substance that is dissolved Suspension - a heterogeneous mixture that consists large particles spread throughout a liquid