Physical & Chemical Properties and Changes
BIG IDEA: Every element on the Periodic Table has it’s own set of physical & chemical properties, that is what makes their “personalities” unique and constant!!!
What is the difference between a property and a change? Property vs. Change What is the difference between a property and a change? Discuss with your table partner and come up with an answer to write in the box…
What is a Physical Property? A characteristic of an element or substance that can be observed or measured without changing its identity or structure. Use your 5 senses OR scientific measurements to describe or measure…
What is a Physical Change? EXAMPLES: Dissolving Phase change Changing shape What are some other examples? A change that takes place without changing the identity or structure of the element or substance
VOCABULARY: DEFINITIONS OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Mass per volume of a material, or how much “stuff” is packed together in specific area. Formula to calculate density: Density = mass/volume DENSITY
BOILING POINT The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
MELTING POINT The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
MAGNETISM A force of attraction or repulsion that exists between like and unlike poles.
The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thin sheets The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thin sheets. Most metals are malleable. MALLEABILITY
Malleability Side Note: You may also hear the word ductile or ductility Ductility = the ability of a material to be stretched into a wire What about Brittle?
CONDUCTIVTY The ability of a material or substance that allows electricity or heat to flow through it easily. Most metals are good conductors.
SPECIFIC HEAT The amount of energy (usually heat) needed to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (1C).
A measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given amount of another substance. SOLUBILITY
Solubility Side Note: Solvent = the substance that does the dissolving Solute = the substance that dissolves Insoluble = doesn’t dissolve
What is a Chemical Property? A characteristic that gives a substance the ability to change into a new substance…BUT the chemical change has to be happening to see the chemical properties!
VOCABULARY: EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIVITY The ability of a material or substance to react with another material or substance and form something entirely different.
TOXICITY The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism.
FLAMMABILITY The ability of a material or substance to burn or start on fire easily.
REACTIVITY WITH OXYGEN The ability of a material or substance (usually metals) to react with oxygen and cause them to rust, corrode, tarnish, or combust.
What is a Chemical Change? A change that results in the production of a new substance and cannot be reversed. EXAMPLES: Burning Rusting Cooking What are some other examples? Be sure to write one other original example!
Evidence of a Chemical Change/Reaction: Color changes – color appears or disappears Temperature changes Gas/gas bubbles produced Fire/flame/light produced or explosion Precipitate is formed – a solid or solid particles forms out of 2 liquids
Physical Change Examples Chemical Change Examples Physical Vs. Chemical Do some research and make a list of 5 ORIGINAL examples of physical changes and 5 ORIGINAL examples of chemical changes that we have not discussed in class! Physical Change Examples Chemical Change Examples 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Physical Property & Physical Change Ticket Out the Door Rip out a piece of notebook paper and put your name on it. Think of any object…something you see in the room or in your house and write it at the top of your paper. List 5 physical properties that that item has Describe in 2 sentences something you could do to cause a physical change to your object and why it qualifies as a physical change Read what you have to your table partner…are you both correct? Put it in the basket on your way out the door!
Something to try at home WATCH THE VIDEO BELOW http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFvik_THcNQ 5 EXTRA CREDIT POINTS – BRING IN YOUR “MILK STONE”
STUDY JAMS – Extra Review www.studyjams.com - Click on Science at the top - Click on Matter - Click on Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter
White Board Review Put your notes away Get a whiteboard, marker, and eraser from the shelf You might have to share an eraser with your table partner!
White Board Review Explain how you know the difference between a physical change & a chemical change
A physical change can be a change in state of mater (liquid to gas or solid to liquid) or a change in shape. I can be reversed and does not change the chemical properties of the substance. A chemical change cannot be reversed. It changes the original identity of the substance. (Rust, burning, oxidation are examples)
What were all 8 Physical Properties? White Board Review What were all 8 Physical Properties?
Physical Properties Malleability Solubility Density Magnetism Boiling Point Melting Point Conductivity Specific Heat
What were all 4 Chemical Properties? White Board Review What were all 4 Chemical Properties?
Chemical Properties Toxicity Flammability Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Oxygen
White Board Review What were those 5 helpful hints that I gave you to identify a chemical change?
5 things that tell you a chemical change/reaction has occurred: Color changes – (color appears or disappears) Temperature changes Gas/gas bubbles produced Fire/flame/light produced or explosion Precipitate is formed – a solid or solid particles forms out of 2 liquids
Whiteboard Quiz – Physical or Chemical? Number your whiteboard 1-10 You will write either a “P” or “C”
1. Physical or Chemical? Freezing water…
2. Physical or Chemical? Chopping Wood…
3. Physical or Chemical? Dissolving salt in water…
4. Physical or Chemical? Crumpled paper…
5. Physical or Chemical? Burning Wood…
6. Physical or Chemical? Melting Gold…
7. Physical or Chemical? Dying Easter eggs…
8. Physical or Chemical? Boiling Water…
9. Physical or Chemical? Frying chicken…
10. Physical or Chemical? Tarnish on the Statue of Liberty…
Whiteboard Quiz Part 2 – Which Property? Number your whiteboard 1-10 You must write the name of the property that matches the definition
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. 1. Which Property? The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
2. Which Property? Mass per volume of a material, or how much stuff is packed together in an area.
3. Which Property? The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thin sheets. Most metals have this quality.
The ability to start on fire or to burn. 4. Which Property? The ability to start on fire or to burn.
5. Which Property? The amount of heat or energy needed to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (1C).
6. Which Property? A measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given amount of another substance.
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. 7. Which Property? The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
8. Which Property? The ability of a material or substance to react with another material or substance and form something entirely new or different.
9. Which Property? The ability of a material or substance that allows electricity or heat to flow through it easily. Most metals have this property.
The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism. 10. Which Property? The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism.
Whiteboard Quiz Part 3 – Which Property? Number your whiteboard 1-5 You must write the vocabulary word that completes the definition
1. Vocabulary A _____________ is when a solid, or solid particles form when two liquids are combined.
The ______________ is the substance that dissolves. 2. Vocabulary The ______________ is the substance that dissolves.
The ______________ is the substance that does the dissolving. 3. Vocabulary The ______________ is the substance that does the dissolving.
If something does not dissolve it is known as ________________. 4. Vocabulary If something does not dissolve it is known as ________________.
5. Vocabulary Similar to malleability, the physical property of _____________ means that a material can be stretched into a wire.