Multi-Cellular Notes 2018

What are multicellular organisms? Organisms that consist of more than 1 cell. Each multi-cellular organism consists of organelles.

A tiny structure that carries out a specific function within a cell. What are organelles? A tiny structure that carries out a specific function within a cell. Examples: nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall

How are multicellular organisms shaped? Plant cells have more of a square shape because they have a CELL WALL. The cell wall helps keep structure and cause a more rigid shape. Animal cells have more of a circular shape because they lack a cell wall to strengthen the edges of the cell.

Rigid layer of non- living material surrounding cell wall. Only in plant cells Protects and supports cell

Cell Membrane Structure that controls what enters/exits cells & is in all cells. Everything must pass through membrane to enter or exit. Let’s good things in, keeps harmful ones out!

Nucleus Controls the functions in the cell “Brain of the cell” Consists of: Nuclear membrane (separates nucleus from cytoplasm) Chromatin (thin, floating strands that contain genetic material)

Cytoplasm A gel-like region between the cell membrane and nucleus that contains water and nutrients.

Mitochondria (MIGHTY mitochondria) Rod shapes that are called the “powerhouse” of the cell. Energy is produced here & converted into “power”

Endoplasmic Reticulum A maze of passageways that carry proteins throughout the cell and transports nutrients.

Small grain-like bodies that float in cytoplasm and attach to ER. Ribosomes Small grain-like bodies that float in cytoplasm and attach to ER. They are called the “factories” that produce proteins.

GMAIL- G for Golgi Bodies and Mail because it’s like a mail room. Flattened sacs and tubes that receive protein from ER, packages them, and sends back out to the cell. GMAIL- G for Golgi Bodies and Mail because it’s like a mail room.

Storage areas for food, materials, and waste Vacuoles Storage areas for food, materials, and waste Large, water-filled sacs. Big in plant cells, smaller in animal cells

Lysosomes Cell’s “clean up crew” Small, round objects that break down materials Cell’s “clean up crew” found mostly in animal cells

Chloroplasts large green structures that float in cytoplasm makes the cell green captures energy from sunlight to create food only in plant cells

What are specialized cells? Cells with a specific function Cells with the same function organize together to create something “grander” Cells with same function gather together to create tissue.

Bacteria Cell Comparison Bacteria cells are smaller than plant and animal cells. Bacterial cells DO NOT contain a nucleus. DNA in bacteria cells are found in cytoplasm

Plant cells have chloroplast and cell walls. Plant vs. Animal Cell Plant cells have chloroplast and cell walls. Animal cells have lysosomes.