3.3 Carbon Compounds I. Building Blocks of Cells A. Biomolecules 1. Large complex molecules built from a few smaller, simpler, repeating units arranged in an extremely precise way. B. Carbon Compounds 1. Have 4 valance electrons a. can only bond with 4 atoms 2. Can form rings or chains

II. Carbohydrates A. molecules made of sugars 1. ex- grains, fruits, veggies B. Sugars 1. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen a. ratio 1:2:1 2. monosaccharide a. “single sugar” b. ex- glucose

3. disaccharide a. two sugars b. ex- sucrose (table sugar) lactose (milk sugar) 4. polysaccharide a. many sugars b. starch 1. glycogen (in animals) 5. mono & disaccharides are considered simple sugars

6. polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates C. Structural Support 1. Chitin & Cellulose a. complex carbs b. crabs, lobster, & insects bodies are made of chitin c. cell walls are made of cellulose

III. Lipids A. chains of carbon atoms bonded to each other & hydrogen atoms 1. include- fats, phospholipids, steroids, & waxes B. Main functions are storing energy & water movement 1. store energy better than carbs 2. phospholipids protect cells surface.

IV. Proteins A. Chains of amino acids that twist into certain shapes that determine what the proteins do. 1. Uses a. structure, support, enable movement, aid in communication, & transportation. 2. Amino Acids a. building blocks that link to form proteins

b. has amino & carboxyl group c. linked by peptide bond d. 20 different AA in proteins e. your body can make most but you need to eat food for others V. Nucleic Acids A. A long chain of nucleotide units 1. Nucleotide a. made up of 3 parts

1. sugar, base, & phosphate group B. Examples 1. DNA- has sugar deoxyribose a. double stranded genetic code 2. RNA- has sugar ribose C. ATP- adenosine triphosphate 1. Cells energy supply 2. has 3 phosphate groups